ArticleBMC health services research2019
Perceived cultural differences in healthcare for foreign patients visiting South Korea: tool development and measurement.
Article in BMC health services research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A bilingual systematic review of South Korean medical tourism: a need to rethink policy and priorities for public health?BMC public health · 2021Pooled it
- Assessing the Generalizability of Client Experience Measurement Tools in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Narrative Review.Global health, science and practice · 2025Review
- Stage-specific harm in early-stage hospitals in South Korea: a retrospective analysis using the healthcare complaints analysis tool.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Impact of Structural Empowerment, Thriving at Work, and Caregiver Reciprocity on the Psychological Empowerment of Home Care Workers in South Korea.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Experiences of oncology healthcare personnel in international medical service quality: a phenomenological study.BMC nursing · 2023Article
- Association between resident status and patients' experiences of primary care: a cross-sectional study in the Greater Bay Area, China.BMJ open · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundWe developed a 41-item tool measuring cultural differences in healthcare as perceived by foreign patients visiting South Korea.
methodsThe tool was tested on 256 foreign patients who visited three tertiary hospitals in Seoul, South Korea. Content validity was explored by two physicians and eight nurses working in an international healthcare department. Structural validity was tested via exploratory factor analysis and by testing two hypotheses: (1) there are perceived cultural differences between the South Korean healthcare and those of foreign patients' home countries (one-sample t-test); and, (2) Perceived cultural differences vary among language groups (analysis of variance). We also calculated Cronbach's alpha.
resultsThe content validity index of the tool was 0.97. Exploratory factor analysis identified seven significant factors: hospital care and services, food, the healthcare system, communication, the healthcare facility, religion, and cultural values. The overall Cronbach's alpha for the tool was 0.96, indicating very high internal consistency. We found that foreign patients visiting South Korean hospitals perceived that the healthcare culture differed significantly from that of their home country. The perceived cultural differences varied significantly by language group.
conclusionsNurses can use our new tool to understand the cultural differences of foreign patients and provide them with culturally competent nursing care.
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