ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2019
Fluoride exposure and pubertal development in children living in Mexico City.
Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between fluoride intake from drinking water and severity of dental fluorosis in Northern and Western Mexico: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2024Pooled it
- Estimation of Total Daily Fluoride Intake in Europe and Correlation to Equivalent Doses in Epidemiological Studies.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2025Article
- International fluoride symposium: effects of fluoride on human health and its mechanisms of action - a meeting report.BMC proceedings · 2025Article
- How the public's knowledge, attitudes, and practice intersect with scientific evidence about fluoride.Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care · 2025Article
- Fluoride-induced testicular and ovarian toxicity: evidence from animal studies.Biological research · 2025Review
- Effects of high fluoride and iodine combined exposure on thyroid nodules and goiter in school-age children in Jiangsu, China.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Review
- Associations of prenatal and postnatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances with pubertal development and reproductive hormones in females and males: The HOME study.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Relationships between dental fluorosis and fluoride concentrations in bottled water and groundwater in low-income children in Mexico.Frontiers in oral health · 2023Article
- Review
- Chemical Aspects of Human and Environmental Overload with Fluorine.Chemical reviews · 2021Review
- Sodium Fluoride In Vitro Treatment Affects the Expression of Gonadotropin and Steroid Hormone Receptors in Chicken Embryonic Gonads.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Human exposure to fluoride from tea (Camellia sinensis) in a volcanic region-Canary Islands, Spain.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020Article
- In utero and peripubertal metals exposure in relation to reproductive hormones and sexual maturation and progression among boys in Mexico City.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2020Article
- Maternal and fetal exposures to fluoride during mid-gestation among pregnant women in northern California.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2020Article
- Association between fluoride exposure and cardiometabolic risk in peripubertal Mexican children.Environment international · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious animal and ecological studies have provided evidence for an earlier sexual maturation in females in relation to fluoride exposure; however, no epidemiological studies have examined the association between fluoride exposure and pubertal development in both boys and girls using individual-level biomarkers of fluoride. Capitalizing on an ongoing Mexican birth cohort study, we examined the association between concurrent urinary fluoride levels and physical markers of pubertal development in children.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 157 boys and 176 girls at age 10-17 years living in Mexico City. We used ion-selective electrode-based diffusion methods to assess fluoride levels in urine, adjusting for urinary specific gravity. Pubertal stages were evaluated by a trained physician. Associations of fluoride with pubertal stages and age at menarche were studied using ordinal regression and Cox proportional-hazard regression, respectively.
resultsIn the entire sample, the geometric mean and interquartile range (IQR) of urinary fluoride (specific gravity adjusted) were 0.59 mg/L and 0.31 mg/L, respectively. In boys, our analysis showed that a one-IQR increase in urinary fluoride was associated with later pubic hair growth (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.51-0.98, p = 0.03) and genital development (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53-0.95, p = 0.02). No significant associations were found in girls, although the direction was negative.
conclusionsChildhood fluoride exposure, at the levels observed in our study, was associated with later pubertal development among Mexican boys at age 10-17 years. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.