ArticleBMC cancer2019
First-in-class immune-modulating small molecule Icaritin in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: preliminary results of safety, durable survival and immune biomarkers.
Article in BMC cancer, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02496949 (A Phase Ib ,Single Center, Open-labeling, Multiple Oral Dose Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability，PK and Efficacy Profile for Advanced Solid Tumor Patients in China), which is not on this map. Cited by 55 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase Ib ,Single Center, Open-labeling, Multiple Oral Dose Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability，PK and Efficacy Profile for Advanced Solid Tumor Patients in China
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Injectable Thermosensitive Hydrogel Targeting STAT3 Reprograms Neutrophils to Amplify Anti-Tumor Immunity Post-Radiofrequency Ablation in HCC.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Natural Plant Bioactives as Regulators of Histone Modifications: Bridging Epigenetics and Anticancer Therapy.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2026Review
- Article
- Icaritin eliminates tumor-associated macrophages via STX16-dependent extracellular vesicle delivery of autophagosomes from hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Article
- Icariin alleviates corneal neovascularization by regulating inflammation through inhibition of macrophage polarization and the NF-κB pathway.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Icaritin Ameliorates Cisplatin-Induced Mitochondrial Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Nephrotoxicity and Synergistically Potentiates Its Antitumor Efficacy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Gut microbial metabolites targeting JUN in renal cell carcinoma via IL-17 signaling pathway: network pharmacology approach.Molecular diversity · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal dynamics of tumor-associated neutrophils: bridging the gap between cancer progression and immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Icariin: from preclinical promise to clinical reality-a critical evidence-based assessment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- The therapeutic potential of epimedium and its bioactive flavonoids in hepatitis and cirrhosis: an integrative review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Icaritin ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy impairment in cellular models of Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Leveraging AI and Natural Compounds: Innovative Approaches in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Efficacy analysis of icaritin combined with transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma stratified by different child-pugh classes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- First-Line Treatment of Icaritin and Thalidomide in a Patient With Hepatocellular Carcinoma With PR: A Case Report.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Identification and validation of icaritin-associated prognostic genes in hepatocellular carcinoma through network pharmacology, bioinformatics analysis, and cellular experiments.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Research Hotspots of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Liver Cancer in the Future Directions: A Bibliometric Analysis.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2025Article
- Regulated Cell Death in Lenvatinib Resistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: from Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Exploring the Pharmacological Potential of Chlorogenic acid as an Anti-Cancer Agent and a Call for Advance Research.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2025Review
- Small-molecule-based targeted therapy in liver cancer.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Review
- Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cancers of hepatobiliary system: from clinical evidence to drug discovery.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWith poor prognosis and limited treatment options for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), development of novel therapeutic agents is urgently needed. This single-arm phase I study sought to assess the safety and preliminary efficacy of icaritin in human as a potential oral immunotherapy in addition to the immune-checkpoint inhibitors.
methodsEligible advanced HCC patients with Child-Pugh Class A or B were administered with a fixed oral dose of icaritin at either 600 or 800 mg b.i.d. The primary endpoint was safety, and the secondary endpoints included time-to-progression (TTP), overall survival (OS) and the clinical benefit rate (CBR). Icaritin treatment induced immune biomarkers and immune-modulating activities in myeloid cells were also explored.
resultsNo drug-related adverse events ≥ Grade 3 were observed in all 20 enrolled HCC patients. Among the 15 evaluable patients, 7 (46.7%) achieved clinical benefit, representing one partial response (PR, 6.7%) and 6 stable disease (SD, 40%). The median TTP was 141 days (range: 20-343 days), and the median OS was 192 days (range: 33-1036 days). Durable survival was observed in PR/SD patients with a median OS of 488 days (range: 72-773). TTP was significantly associated with the dynamic changes of peripheral neutrophils (p = 0.0067) and lymphocytes (p = 0.0337). Icaritin treatment induced changes in immune biomarkers-and immune-suppressive myeloid cells were observed.
conclusionsIcaritin demonstrated safety profiles and preliminary durable survival benefits in advanced HCC patients, which were correlated with its immune-modulation activities and immune biomarkers. These results suggested the potential of icaritin as a novel oral immunotherapy for advanced HCC in addition to antibody-based PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapies.
trial registrationClinicaltrial.gov identifier. NCT02496949 (retrospectively registered, July 14, 2015).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.