SynthesisMedicine2019
Does the use of proton pump inhibitors increase the risk of hypomagnesemia: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Article
- 2025 Focused Update of the Seoul Consensus on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Evidence-based Recommendations on Acid Suppressive Therapy.Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2026Review
- Systematic analysis of proton pump inhibitors-related adverse reactions using the FDA adverse event reporting system database.PloS one · 2026Article
- Hypomagnesemia Associated with Omeprazole Use in Patients Treated with Platinum Derivatives: An Exploratory Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.The Canadian journal of hospital pharmacy · 2026Article
- Magnesium biology.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2024Review
- Overweight and vitamin D deficiency are common in patients with irritable bowel syndrome - a cross-sectional study.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Adverse Effects Associated with Long-Term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors.Chonnam medical journal · 2023Review
- Mechanisms of proton pump inhibitor-induced hypomagnesemia.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2022Review
- Proton pump inhibitors and osteoporosis risk: exploring the role of TRPM7 channel.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Observational
- Prevalence and risk factors of long-term proton pump inhibitors-associated hypomagnesemia: a cross-sectional study in hospitalized patients.Internal and emergency medicine · 2021Article
- Common Pitfalls in the Management of Patients with Micronutrient Deficiency: Keep in Mind the Stomach.Nutrients · 2021Review
- The Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors May Increase Symptoms of Muscle Function Loss in Patients with Chronic Illnesses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- A Retrospective Clinical Investigation of the Safety and Adverse Effects of Pantoprazole in Hospitalized Ruminants.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2020Article
- Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Levels of Pantoprazole in Neonatal Calves After Intravenous Administration.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2020Article
- Proton Pump Inhibitors in the Elderly, Balancing Risk and Benefit: an Age-Old Problem.Current gastroenterology reports · 2019Review
- Adverse Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors-Evidence and Plausibility.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used in the treatment of acid-related diseases; however, the association between the use of PPIs and potential risk of hypomagnesemia is controversial.
methodsIn the present study, databases including PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, and 4 Chinese databases were searched since the inception until April 2018. Previous observational studies on the incidence of hypomagnesemia in individuals exposed to PPIs were included.
resultsThis systematic review involved 15 studies including 129,347 participants, and the sample size varied from 52 to 95,205. Meta-analysis of 14 studies indicated that the use of PPIs increased the risk of hypomagnesemia [RR, 1.44, 95% CI, 1.13-1.76; I, 85.2%]. Subgroup analysis revealed that the use of PPI was not associated with the incidence of hypomagnesemia in outpatients [RR, 1.49; 95% CI, 0.83-2.14; I, 41.4%] and hospitalized patients [RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.81-1.29; I, 62.1%], respectively. The use of PPIs was not related to the risk of hypomagnesemia based on the cut-off values of 1.8 mg/dL [RR, 1.73; 95% CI, 0.87-2.58; I, 65.2%], 1.7 mg/dL [RR, 1.48; 95% CI, 0.90-2.06; I, 87.6%], and 1.6 mg/dL [RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.69-1.27; I, 67.9%].
conclusionThe association between the exposure to PPI and the incidence of hypomagnesemia remained unclear. Due to the remarkable heterogeneity in previous studies, a definitive conclusion could not be drawn. Further research should be conducted to investigate the relationship between the use of individual PPI and potential risk of hypomagnesemia, and a dose-response analysis may be required.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.