ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2019
Adverse Maternal, Fetal, and Postnatal Effects of Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Dimer Acid (GenX) from Oral Gestational Exposure in Sprague-Dawley Rats.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 164 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exposure Duration Shapes the Hepatic Response to GenX: Divergent Acute and Chronic Transcriptomic Profiles Reveal Non-Monotonic Dose Effects and Increased Sensitivity in Human Liver Spheroids.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- GenX exposure induces neurodevelopmental impairment and synaptic toxicity in hESC-derived cerebral organoids.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic Perturbations in Placental Gene Expression Following Developmental Exposure to Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) or Hexafluoropropylene Oxide-Dimer Acid (HFPO-DA or GenX) in CD‑1 Mice Are Consistent with Placental Insufficiency.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Inulin Mitigates Reproductive Toxicity from Early Life GenX Exposure in Mice by Inhibiting LPS-TLR4-Mediated Necroptosis: Exploring the Gut-Testis Axis.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Integration of mechanistic and repeat dose toxicity data in the derivation of an oral reference dose for HFPO-DA.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Review
- Development of a QSAR model for predicting PPARα activation by PFAS based on human in vitro data of a comprehensive panel of legacy and novel PFAS.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Exposure to PFOA and GenX elicits cell typespecific impacts on p53 and TGF-β signaling pathways.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- PFAS Alter Thyroid Histology and Cellular SignalingJournal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- From Exposure to Dysfunction: The Intestinal Toxicity of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances.Toxics · 2025Review
- Article
- Maternal, fetal, and neonatal toxicity and potency estimates of perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) from oral maternal exposure in the Sprague-Dawley rat.Toxicology · 2025Article
- In vitro models of the male reproductive system: applications for developmental and reproductive toxicology.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Review
- PFAS compounds PFOA and Gen X are teratogenic to sea urchin embryos.Developmental biology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Endocrine Disruptome and VirtualToxLab for Predicting Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Binding to Nuclear Receptors.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Article
- Mitigation of PFAS toxicity through sorbent treatment in Sprague-Dawley rats during prenatal and postnatal exposure.Toxicology · 2025Article
- Investigating Lipid and Energy Dyshomeostasis Induced by Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Congeners in Mouse Model Using Systems Biology Approaches.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Dismantling EPA's research office jeopardizes environmental safety, public health, and US competitiveness.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Long-chain perfluoroalkylether carboxylic acids PFO5DoA and PFO4DA alter glucose, bile acid, and thyroid hormone homeostasis in fetal rats from 5-day maternal oral exposure.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Exploring maternal and developmental toxicity of perfluoroalkyl ether acids PFO4DA and PFO5DoA using hepatic transcriptomics and serum metabolomics.The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
- Emergency of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in drinking water: Status, regulation, and mitigation strategies in developing countries.Eco-Environment & Health · 2024Review
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid [(HFPO-DA), GenX] is a member of the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) chemical class, and elevated levels of HFPO-DA have been detected in surface water, air, and treated drinking water in the United States and Europe.
objectivesWe aimed to characterize the potential maternal and postnatal toxicities of oral HFPO-DA in rats during sexual differentiation. Given that some PFAS activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), we sought to assess whether HFPO-DA affects androgen-dependent development or interferes with estrogen, androgen, or glucocorticoid receptor activity.
methodsSteroid receptor activity was assessed with a suite of in vitro transactivation assays, and Sprague-Dawley rats were used to assess maternal, fetal, and postnatal effects of HFPO-DA exposure. Dams were dosed daily via oral gavage during male reproductive development (gestation days 14-18). We evaluated fetal testes, maternal and fetal livers, maternal serum clinical chemistry, and reproductive development of F1 animals.
resultsHFPO-DA exposure resulted in negligible in vitro receptor activity and did not impact testosterone production or expression of genes key to male reproductive development in the fetal testis; however, in vivo exposure during gestation resulted in higher maternal liver weights ([Formula: see text]), lower maternal serum thyroid hormone and lipid profiles ([Formula: see text]), and up-regulated gene expression related to PPAR signaling pathways in maternal and fetal livers ([Formula: see text]). Further, the pilot postnatal study indicated lower female body weight and lower weights of male reproductive tissues in F1 animals.
conclusionsHFPO-DA exposure produced multiple effects that were similar to prior toxicity evaluations on PFAS, such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), but seen as the result of higher oral doses. The mean dam serum concentration from the lowest dose group was 4-fold greater than the maximum serum concentration detected in a worker in an HFPO-DA manufacturing facility. Research is needed to examine the mechanisms and downstream events linked to the adverse effects of PFAS as are mixture-based studies evaluating multiple PFAS. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4372.
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