ArticlePsychological medicine2020
Executive dysfunction in depression in adolescence: the role of inflammation and higher body mass.
Article in Psychological medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Anti-Inflammatory Treatment on Depressive Symptom Severity and Anhedonia in Depressed Individuals With Elevated Inflammation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.The American journal of psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Child and Adolescent Health Programs in Obesity and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Inflammation and depression in young people: a systematic review and proposed inflammatory pathways.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of Peripheral Neural Blocks in Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: a Pilot Study on Cognitive Functions in Severe Obese Patients.Obesity surgery · 2023Trial
- Inflammatory Factors Associated with Late-Life Depressive Symptoms in Oldest-Old Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Psychobiological mechanisms underlying the association between early life stress and depression in adolescence.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Effects of serum hypersensitive C-reactive protein and BMI on cognitive dysfunction in first-episode and drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Mediating effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the association between depression, anxiety, and cardiometabolic disorders in an ethnically diverse middle-aged and older population.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Resveratrol Alleviates the Prenatally Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Male Offspring Mice Through Modulating the SIRT1/HIF-1α Pathway.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Higher inflammatory proteins predict future depressive symptom severity among adolescents with lower emotional clarity.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2024Article
- From movement to motivation: a proposed framework to understand the antidepressant effect of exercise.Translational psychiatry · 2024Review
- Chronic inflammation is associated with worsening working memory performance: Preliminary evidence from a diverse, longitudinal cohort of adolescents and young adults.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2024Article
- Longitudinal associations between dimensions of maltreatment and internalizing symptoms in late adolescence: The role of inflammation during the COVID-19 pandemic.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- The value of the platelet/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in predicting depression and its cardiovascular disease mortality: a population-based observational study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Observational
- The neuroimmune pathway of high-altitude adaptation: influence of erythrocytes on attention networks through inflammation and the autonomic nervous system.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Individuals with depression exhibiting a pro-inflammatory phenotype receiving omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids experience improved motivation-related cognitive function: Preliminary results from a randomized controlled trial.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Association between inflammation and cognition: Triangulation of evidence using a population-based cohort and Mendelian randomization analyses.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2023Article
- Concurrent and prospective associations of inflammatory signaling, specific depressive symptoms, and substance use in adolescence.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2023Article
- Hierarchical Inflammatory Phenotypes of Depression: A Novel Approach Across Five Independent Samples and 27,730 Adults.Biological psychiatry · 2023Article
- Antidepressant mechanisms of ketamine: a review of actions with relevance to treatment-resistance and neuroprogression.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere is substantial evidence that many depressed individuals experience impaired executive functioning. Understanding the causes of executive dysfunction in depression is clinically important because cognitive impairment is a substantial contributor to functional impairment. This study investigated whether elevated levels of an inflammatory cytokine [interleukin-6 (IL-6)] and/or higher body mass index (BMI) concurrently and/or prospectively accounted for the relationship between depressive symptoms and impaired executive functioning in adolescents.
methodsA diverse, community sample of adolescents (N = 288; mean age = 16.33; 51.4% female; 59.0% African-American) completed assessments of height and weight, IL-6, depressive symptoms, and self-report/behavioral measures of executive functioning (selective attention, switching attention) and future orientation annually over 3 years. Adolescents experiencing acute illness or medical conditions that affect inflammation were excluded from analyses. Path analysis within a structural equation modeling framework simultaneously examined the concurrent and prospective relationships between BMI, IL-6, depressive symptoms, and the measures of cognitive functioning across three timepoints.
resultsAcross all timepoints, higher BMI was prospectively associated with higher levels of IL-6 and depressive symptoms, while higher levels of IL-6 were associated with worse performance on three behavioral and self-report measures of cognitive functioning. Higher depressive symptoms also were prospectively associated with elevated IL-6 and both higher depressive symptoms and a higher BMI predicted worse future executive functioning via increased IL-6.
conclusionsMore severe depressive symptoms and increased BMI may disrupt executive functioning via elevated IL-6.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.