Observational studyEuropean radiology2019
Effect of perithyroidal lignocaine infusion (PLI) to pain experienced during high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of benign thyroid nodules.
Observational study in European radiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of HIFU for the treatment of benign thyroid nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European radiology · 2024Pooled it
- Ultrasound-guided intermediate cervical plexus block versus local infiltration anesthesia for thermal ablation of benign thyroid nodules: a non-inferior, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Trial
- The current state and future perspectives of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation for benign thyroid nodules.Gland surgery · 2020Review
- Horner's Syndrome During High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation for a Benign Thyroid Nodule.AACE clinical case reportsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess whether perithyroidal lignocaine infusion (PLI) could provide additional analgesia in high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment of benign thyroid nodules for patients already receiving their usual intravenous doses of Pethidine and Diazemuls.
methodsTwo hundred and five patients who underwent HIFU ablation for a benign thyroid nodule were analyzed. Among them, 104 (50.7%) patients received PLI in addition to their boluses of Pethidine and Diazemuls before treatment (group I), while the rest (n = 101, 49.3%) received intravenous Pethidine and Diazemuls only (group II). After treatment, patients were asked to rate their overall pain experience on a visual analogue scale (VAS) (0-100) (0, no pain; 100, worse possible pain) during treatment. Binary logistic regression was performed to evaluate significant determinants for treatment pain including demographics, doses of medications, and treatment parameters.
resultsVAS was significantly lower in group I (51.30 vs. 63.79, p = 0.002). In the multivariate analysis, older age at treatment (OR = 1.036, 95%CI = 1.008-1.065, p = 0.011), lower BMI (OR = 1.202, 95%CI = 1.083-1.334, p = 0.001), higher Diazemuls dose (OR = 1.066, 95%CI = 1.018-1.114, p = 0.006), and use of PLI (OR = 2.096, 95%CI = 1.121-3.922, p = 0.020) were independent determinants of less treatment pain.
conclusionsPLI can provide additional analgesia in patients already receiving their usual intravenous doses of Pethidine and Diazemuls during HIFU ablation of benign thyroid nodules. Older age, lower body mass index, and greater Diazemuls (i.e., a sedative) dose are significantly associated with less treatment pain. KEY POINTS: • PLI provided an additional analgesic effect in HIFU ablation of thyroid nodules. • Older age and lower BMI were significantly associated with less pain. • Higher doses of Diazemuls lessened pain during HIFU ablation.
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