Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30918097›Full record

Trial reportNeurology2019

Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of trofinetide in pediatric Rett syndrome.

Daniel G Glaze, Jeffrey L Neul, Walter E Kaufmann, Elizabeth Berry-Kravis, Sean Condon, George Stoms, Sean Oosterholt, Oscar Della Pasqua, Larry Glass, Nancy E Jones and 2 more

Open access · hybridAbstract readClinical Trial, Phase IIMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Neurology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
76citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
10.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

76 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 166 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. A meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of trofinetide in patients with rett syndrome.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024
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  12. Variability in sensory processing and evoked potentials in Rett syndrome.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
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  17. Rett Syndrome Behaviour Questionnaire: Variability of Scores and Related Factors.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2025
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  19. Review
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16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Daniel G GlazeFrom the Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (D.G.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurosciences (J.L.N.), University of California, San Diego; Greenwood Genetic Center (W.E.K.), Center for Translational Research, Greenwood, SC; Pediatrics, Neurological Sciences, and Biochemistry (E.B.K.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL;Vital Systems, Inc. (S.C., G.S.), Rolling Meadows, IL; Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Group (S.O., O.D.P.), University College London, UK; Neuren Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. (L.G., N.E.J.), Camberwell, VIC, Australia; Department of Pediatrics (A.K.P.), Division of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham. J.L.N. is currently affiliated with the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN.
Jeffrey L NeulFrom the Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (D.G.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurosciences (J.L.N.), University of California, San Diego; Greenwood Genetic Center (W.E.K.), Center for Translational Research, Greenwood, SC; Pediatrics, Neurological Sciences, and Biochemistry (E.B.K.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL;Vital Systems, Inc. (S.C., G.S.), Rolling Meadows, IL; Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Group (S.O., O.D.P.), University College London, UK; Neuren Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. (L.G., N.E.J.), Camberwell, VIC, Australia; Department of Pediatrics (A.K.P.), Division of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham. J.L.N. is currently affiliated with the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN.
Walter E KaufmannFrom the Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (D.G.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurosciences (J.L.N.), University of California, San Diego; Greenwood Genetic Center (W.E.K.), Center for Translational Research, Greenwood, SC; Pediatrics, Neurological Sciences, and Biochemistry (E.B.K.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL;Vital Systems, Inc. (S.C., G.S.), Rolling Meadows, IL; Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Group (S.O., O.D.P.), University College London, UK; Neuren Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. (L.G., N.E.J.), Camberwell, VIC, Australia; Department of Pediatrics (A.K.P.), Division of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham. J.L.N. is currently affiliated with the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN.
Elizabeth Berry-KravisFrom the Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (D.G.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurosciences (J.L.N.), University of California, San Diego; Greenwood Genetic Center (W.E.K.), Center for Translational Research, Greenwood, SC; Pediatrics, Neurological Sciences, and Biochemistry (E.B.K.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL;Vital Systems, Inc. (S.C., G.S.), Rolling Meadows, IL; Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Group (S.O., O.D.P.), University College London, UK; Neuren Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. (L.G., N.E.J.), Camberwell, VIC, Australia; Department of Pediatrics (A.K.P.), Division of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham. J.L.N. is currently affiliated with the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN.
Sean CondonFrom the Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (D.G.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurosciences (J.L.N.), University of California, San Diego; Greenwood Genetic Center (W.E.K.), Center for Translational Research, Greenwood, SC; Pediatrics, Neurological Sciences, and Biochemistry (E.B.K.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL;Vital Systems, Inc. (S.C., G.S.), Rolling Meadows, IL; Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Group (S.O., O.D.P.), University College London, UK; Neuren Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. (L.G., N.E.J.), Camberwell, VIC, Australia; Department of Pediatrics (A.K.P.), Division of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham. J.L.N. is currently affiliated with the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN.
George StomsFrom the Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (D.G.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurosciences (J.L.N.), University of California, San Diego; Greenwood Genetic Center (W.E.K.), Center for Translational Research, Greenwood, SC; Pediatrics, Neurological Sciences, and Biochemistry (E.B.K.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL;Vital Systems, Inc. (S.C., G.S.), Rolling Meadows, IL; Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Group (S.O., O.D.P.), University College London, UK; Neuren Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. (L.G., N.E.J.), Camberwell, VIC, Australia; Department of Pediatrics (A.K.P.), Division of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham. J.L.N. is currently affiliated with the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN.
Sean OosterholtFrom the Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (D.G.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurosciences (J.L.N.), University of California, San Diego; Greenwood Genetic Center (W.E.K.), Center for Translational Research, Greenwood, SC; Pediatrics, Neurological Sciences, and Biochemistry (E.B.K.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL;Vital Systems, Inc. (S.C., G.S.), Rolling Meadows, IL; Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Group (S.O., O.D.P.), University College London, UK; Neuren Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. (L.G., N.E.J.), Camberwell, VIC, Australia; Department of Pediatrics (A.K.P.), Division of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham. J.L.N. is currently affiliated with the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN.
Oscar Della PasquaFrom the Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (D.G.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurosciences (J.L.N.), University of California, San Diego; Greenwood Genetic Center (W.E.K.), Center for Translational Research, Greenwood, SC; Pediatrics, Neurological Sciences, and Biochemistry (E.B.K.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL;Vital Systems, Inc. (S.C., G.S.), Rolling Meadows, IL; Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Group (S.O., O.D.P.), University College London, UK; Neuren Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. (L.G., N.E.J.), Camberwell, VIC, Australia; Department of Pediatrics (A.K.P.), Division of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham. J.L.N. is currently affiliated with the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN.ORCID 0000-0002-6211-1430
Larry GlassFrom the Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (D.G.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurosciences (J.L.N.), University of California, San Diego; Greenwood Genetic Center (W.E.K.), Center for Translational Research, Greenwood, SC; Pediatrics, Neurological Sciences, and Biochemistry (E.B.K.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL;Vital Systems, Inc. (S.C., G.S.), Rolling Meadows, IL; Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Group (S.O., O.D.P.), University College London, UK; Neuren Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. (L.G., N.E.J.), Camberwell, VIC, Australia; Department of Pediatrics (A.K.P.), Division of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham. J.L.N. is currently affiliated with the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN.
Nancy E JonesFrom the Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (D.G.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurosciences (J.L.N.), University of California, San Diego; Greenwood Genetic Center (W.E.K.), Center for Translational Research, Greenwood, SC; Pediatrics, Neurological Sciences, and Biochemistry (E.B.K.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL;Vital Systems, Inc. (S.C., G.S.), Rolling Meadows, IL; Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Group (S.O., O.D.P.), University College London, UK; Neuren Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. (L.G., N.E.J.), Camberwell, VIC, Australia; Department of Pediatrics (A.K.P.), Division of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham. J.L.N. is currently affiliated with the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN. njones@neurenpharma.com.
Alan K PercyFrom the Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (D.G.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neurosciences (J.L.N.), University of California, San Diego; Greenwood Genetic Center (W.E.K.), Center for Translational Research, Greenwood, SC; Pediatrics, Neurological Sciences, and Biochemistry (E.B.K.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL;Vital Systems, Inc. (S.C., G.S.), Rolling Meadows, IL; Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Group (S.O., O.D.P.), University College London, UK; Neuren Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. (L.G., N.E.J.), Camberwell, VIC, Australia; Department of Pediatrics (A.K.P.), Division of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham. J.L.N. is currently affiliated with the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN.
Rett 002 Study Group
Baylor College of Medicine · USRush University Medical Center · US

Funding

Research Project: Sensory and Multisensory Contributions to AutismU54HD083211 · NICHD · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI DYKENS, ELISABETH MAY · 2015 to 2019
$7.1M
NICHD NIH HHS U54 HD083211
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo determine safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of trofinetide and evaluate its efficacy in female children/adolescents with Rett syndrome (RTT), a debilitating neurodevelopmental condition for which no pharmacotherapies directed at core features are available.

methodsThis was a phase 2, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, in which safety/tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and clinical response to trofinetide were characterized in 82 children/adolescents with RTT, aged 5 to 15 years. Sixty-two participants were randomized 1:1:1:1 to receive placebo twice a day (bid) for 14 days, followed by placebo, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg bid of trofinetide for 42 days. Following blinded safety data review, 20 additional participants were randomized 1:1 to the 200 mg/kg or placebo bid groups. Safety assessments included adverse events, clinical laboratory tests, physical examinations, and concomitant medications. Clinician- and caregiver-based efficacy measurements assessed clinically relevant, phenotypic dimensions of impairment of RTT.

resultsAll dose levels were well tolerated and generally safe. Trofinetide at 200 mg/kg bid showed statistically significant and clinically relevant improvements relative to placebo on the Rett Syndrome Behaviour Questionnaire, RTT-Clinician Domain Specific Concerns-Visual Analog Scale, and Clinical Global Impression Scale-Improvement. Exploratory analyses suggested that observed changes correlated with trofinetide exposure.

conclusionThese results, together with those from a previous adolescent/adult trial, indicate trofinetide's potential for treating core RTT symptoms and support further trials. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class I evidence that for children/adolescents with RTT, trofinetide was safe, well-tolerated, and demonstrated improvement over placebo at 200 mg/kg bid in functionally important dimensions of RTT.

Indexed as

AdolescentAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalChildChild, PreschoolDouble-Blind MethodFemaleGlutamatesGlutamic AcidHumansRett SyndromeTreatment OutcomeAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalGlutamatesGlutamic Acidtrofinetide

Identifiers

PMID30918097
PMCPMC6550498
OpenAlexW2922881551

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.