ArticleParasites & vectors2019
Effect of overwintering on survival and vector competence of the West Nile virus vector Culex pipiens.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification and mapping of potential and highly likely vectors for selected vector-borne diseases in the EU and neighbouring countries.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026Article
- Heatwaves Constrain the Future Persistence of Mosquito Vectors in Europe.Global change biology · 2026Article
- Meteorological and environmental drivers of West Nile virus prevalence in Culex pipiens mosquitoes in Emilia-Romagna, Italy in 2013 to 2022.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Ecological niche and risk modeling of West Nile virus using environmental and biological thresholds.Archives of microbiology · 2025Article
- Characterization of overwintering sites (hibernacula) of the West Nile vector Culex pipiens in Central Italy.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Vector competence of Culex quinquefasciatus from Santiago Island, Cape Verde, to West Nile Virus: exploring the potential effect of the vector native Wolbachia.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Overwintering of Usutu virus in mosquitoes, The Netherlands.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Light pollution disrupts seasonal reproductive phenotypes and reduces lifespan in the West Nile vector, Culex pipiens.Journal of insect physiology · 2024Article
- Arthropod-Borne Viruses of Human and Animal Importance: Overwintering in Temperate Regions of Europe during an Era of Climate Change.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- The effect of temperature on the boundary conditions of West Nile virus circulation in Europe.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Blood-feeding patterns of Culex pipiens biotype pipiens and pipiens/molestus hybrids in relation to avian community composition in urban habitats.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Surveillance ofHeliyon · 2024Article
- Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Fauna of a Zoological Park in an Urban Setting: Analysis ofInsects · 2024Article
- Belgian Culex pipiens pipiens are competent vectors for West Nile virus while Culex modestus are competent vectors for Usutu virus.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Potential for urban warming to postpone overwintering dormancy of temperate mosquitoes.Journal of thermal biology · 2023Article
- Arbovirus persistence in North-Western Europe: Are mosquitoes the only overwintering pathway?One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Larvicidal and repellent potential of Ageratum houstonianum against Culex pipiens.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Effects of Hibernation Site, Temperature, and Humidity on the Abundance and Survival of Overwintering Culex pipiens pipiens and Anopheles messeae (Diptera: Culicidae).Journal of medical entomology · 2022Article
- The rise of West Nile Virus in Southern and Southeastern Europe: A spatial-temporal analysis investigating the combined effects of climate, land use and economic changes.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2021Article
- Short-Term Selection to Diflubenzuron andInsects · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWest Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne virus that is mainly transmitted among birds by Culex pipiens mosquitoes. The species Cx. pipiens consists of two biotypes named pipiens and molestus, which together can form hybrids. One of the major distinctions between the biotypes is their overwintering behaviour. Adults of biotype pipiens diapause during winter, whereas biotype molestus remains actively blood-feeding. Diapausing may affect survival and vector competence of biotype pipiens. The aims of this study were therefore to identify the biotype composition of diapausing Cx. pipiens mosquitoes, to quantify survival throughout the autumn and winter months, and to determine effects of overwintering on vector competence of emerging Cx. pipiens mosquitoes for WNV.
methodsDiapausing mosquitoes were collected at two typical overwintering locations in the Netherlands. A selection of Cx. pipiens mosquitoes was identified to biotype using real-time PCR. Survival of diapausing Cx. pipiens mosquitoes during autumn and winter was monitored by placing cages with either field-collected or laboratory-reared females in houses and sheds. Vector competence of field-collected (diapausing) and laboratory-reared (non-diapausing) Cx. pipiens mosquitoes was determined to gain insight in the effect of overwintering on WNV transmission.
resultsThe majority (92%) of diapausing Cx. pipiens females were identified as biotype pipiens. More than 70% of diapausing Cx. pipiens mosquitoes was able to survive for more than four months in sheds, whereas diapausing in houses resulted in 100% mortality in that same period. In contrast, non-diapausing Cx. pipiens biotype pipiens mosquitoes reared in the laboratory died within a week in both houses and sheds. Vector competence of Cx. pipiens mosquitoes that had diapaused during the autumn and winter months was comparable to non-diapausing laboratory-reared mosquitoes.
conclusionsThis study confirms that the majority of Cx. pipiens mosquitoes in their typical overwintering site belongs to the pipiens biotype. It shows that more than two-third of diapausing Cx. pipiens mosquitoes is able to survive winter under sheltered winter conditions. Finally, vector competence for WNV of mosquitoes that emerge from overwintering sites is not affected by their relatively old age.
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