Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30917801›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2019

Consumption of foods containing prohibited artificial colors among middle-school children in Nay Pyi Taw union territory, Myanmar.

Nwe Oo, Yu Mon Saw, Hnin Nwe Ni Aye, Zaw Zaw Aung, Hnin Nandar Kyaw, Ae Mon Tun, Tetsuyoshi Kariya, Eiko Yamamoto, Nobuyuki Hamajima

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Nwe OoDepartment of Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Sports, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar.
Yu Mon SawDepartment of Health Care Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan. sawyumon@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp.
Hnin Nwe Ni AyeDepartment of Health Care Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Zaw Zaw AungDepartment of Health Care Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Hnin Nandar KyawDepartment of Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Sports, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar.
Ae Mon TunDepartment of Public Health, Ministry of Health and Sports, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar.
Tetsuyoshi KariyaDepartment of Health Care Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Eiko YamamotoDepartment of Health Care Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Nobuyuki HamajimaDepartment of Health Care Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFood safety control in Myanmar is regulated by the Department of Food and Drug Administration (FDA). FDA conducts food safety education programs in schools and regular market surveys of foods containing prohibited artificial colors. However, the consumption of foods containing FDA-prohibited artificial colors among school children is understudied. This study aimed to assess the consumption of foods containing FDA-prohibited artificial colors among middle-school children in Nay Pyi Taw Union Territory, Myanmar.

methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at eight public schools in Nay Pyi Taw Union Territory in 2017. The schools were selected using simple random sampling with a drawing method. In total, 776 students (359 boys and 417 girls) participated in face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire and photos of foods containing artificial color published by FDA. A multiple logistic regression was performed to estimate adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for consumption of such foods.

resultsIn total, 519 (66.9%) children consumed foods with the FDA-prohibited colors. It was revealed that students at suburban schools were nearly five times more likely to consume foods containing FDA-prohibited artificial colors (AOR = 4.84; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.99-7.82) compared to those at urban schools. In addition, being in the seventh grade (AOR = 3.38; 95% CI 2.30-4.98), availability of prohibited food in school canteen (AOR = 6.16; 95% CI 2.67-14.22), and having a less educated father (AOR = 1.76; 95% CI 1.06-2.92) were positively associated with consumption of the foods with the prohibited colors.

conclusionMore than half of the students consumed foods with the prohibited colors. Consumption was more frequent among students from suburban schools, those with unsafe foods accessible at their school canteen, seventh graders, and students with a less educated father. The findings highlighted that school food safety programs, which focus on preventing consumption of foods containing FDA-prohibited artificial colors, are urgently required. Food safety regulation is also required to ban the sale of unsafe food, especially in school canteens.

Indexed as

Food ServicesLegislation, FoodAdolescentChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleFoodFood Coloring AgentsFood SafetyHumansMaleMyanmarRisk FactorsSchoolsSurveys and QuestionnairesFood Coloring AgentsArtificial colorMiddle school studentsMyanmarProhibited foods

Identifiers

PMID30917801
PMCPMC6437872

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.