ReviewCephalalgia : an international journal of headache2019
A new era for migraine: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic insights into monoclonal antibodies with a focus on galcanezumab, an anti-CGRP antibody.
Review in Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of CGRP monoclonal antibodies for cluster headache: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of galcanezumab for preventive treatment of migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Optimal treatment strategy of fremanezumab in migraine prevention: a systematic review with network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Scientific reports · 2020Pooled it
- Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ongericimab: A potential long-acting PCSK9 monoclonal antibody in healthy subjects and patients with hypercholesterolemia: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase Ia and Ib/II studies.Clinical and translational science · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Early onset of effect following galcanezumab treatment in patients with previous preventive medication failures.The journal of headache and pain · 2021Trial
- Safety of Rimegepant, an Oral CGRP Receptor Antagonist, Plus CGRP Monoclonal Antibodies for Migraine.Headache · 2020Trial
- Rapid Onset of Effect of Galcanezumab for the Prevention of Episodic Migraine: Analysis of the EVOLVE Studies.Headache · 2020Trial
- Erenumab and galcanezumab in chronic migraine prevention: effects after treatment termination.The journal of headache and pain · 2019Trial
- Migraine, monoclonal antibodies, and monitoring: a review of pharmacovigilance in the era of biologics.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Pharmacokinetics of Atogepant in Healthy Lactating Female Participants: Results from a Phase 1 Lactation Study.Neurology and therapy · 2025Article
- Preclinical characterization of an active immunotherapy targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Combining treatments for migraine prophylaxis: the state-of-the-art.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Review
- Cerebral Artery Vasoconstriction After Galcanezumab Loading Dose for Migraine Prevention: A Case Report.Pain and therapy · 2024Article
- Treatment Outcome After Switching From Galcanezumab to Fremanezumab in Patients With Migraine.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Article
- Reporting Quality and Risk of Bias Analysis of Published RCTs Assessing Anti-CGRP Monoclonal Antibodies in Migraine Prophylaxis: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Influence of metabolic state and body composition on the action of pharmacological treatment of migraine.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Review
- Real-World Use of Ubrogepant as Acute Treatment for Migraine with an Anti-Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Monoclonal Antibody: Results from COURAGE.Neurology and therapy · 2024Article
- Characterizations of a neutralizing antibody broadly reactive to multiple gluten peptide:HLA-DQ2.5 complexes in the context of celiac disease.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Could efficacy at 1 week after galcanezumab administration for patients with migraine predict responders at 3 months? A real world study.Journal of neurology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo review pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of antibodies that bind to soluble ligands within the framework of calcitonin gene-related peptide antibodies. OVERVIEW: Calcitonin gene-related peptide has been implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine. Galcanezumab is an antibody that binds to the ligand calcitonin gene-related peptide. Other antibodies that target calcitonin gene-related peptide include eptinezumab and fremanezumab. To understand how antibodies can affect the extent and duration of free ligand concentrations, it is important to consider the dose and pharmacokinetics of an antibody, and the kinetics of the ligand and antibody-ligand complex. Insights regarding the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of galcanezumab as a probe antibody drug and calcitonin gene-related peptide as its binding ligand regarding its clinical outcomes are provided. DISCUSSION: Antibodies are administered parenterally because oral absorption is limited by gastrointestinal degradation and inefficient diffusion through the epithelium. The systemic absorption of antibodies following intramuscular or subcutaneous administration most likely occurs via convective transport through lymphatic vessels into blood. The majority of antibody elimination occurs via intracellular catabolism into peptides and amino acids following endocytosis. Binding of ligand to an antibody reduces the free ligand that is available to interact with the receptor and efficacy is driven by the magnitude and duration of the reduction in free ligand concentration. A galcanezumab pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model shows that galcanezumab decreases free calcitonin gene-related peptide concentrations in a dose- and time-dependent manner and continues to suppress free calcitonin gene-related peptide with repeated dosing. The model provides evidence for a mechanistic linkage to galcanezumab therapeutic effects for the preventive treatment of migraine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.