ArticleJournal of oncology2019
PD-L1 Expression in Human Breast Cancer Stem Cells Is Epigenetically Regulated through Posttranslational Histone Modifications.
Article in Journal of oncology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- PD-L1 Expression in Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Impacts on Innate and Adaptive Immunity, Therapeutic Potential, and Biomarker Utility.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The absence of B7-H4 inhibits PD-L1 expression by driving a methylation of PD-L1 promoter in breast cancer cells.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Cancer in transition: discovery of tumor-intrinsic transcriptional programs shaping the immune and microenvironmental landscape.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibition in breast cancer: targeting PD-1/PD-L1 pathway for therapeutic advances.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Review
- The role of immune checkpoints in modulating cancer stem cells anti-tumor immune responses: implications and perspectives in cancer therapy.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- Epigenetic Regulation of Immune Responses in Endocrine-Related Cancers and Its Role in Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2025Review
- Chromatin Preparation from Frozen Tissues for Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) Assays.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Phase 1b Multicenter Study of SG001, a Humanized Anti-PD-1 Antibody, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Article
- Breaking Immunosuppression to Enhance Cancer Stem Cell-Targeted Immunotherapy.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Igniting Cold Tumors: Multi-Omics-Driven Strategies to Overcome Immune Evasion and Restore Immune Surveillance.Oncology research · 2025Review
- N-Acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase (Arylsulfatase B) Regulates PD-L1 Expression in Melanoma by an HDAC3-Mediated Epigenetic Mechanism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Review
- Soluble galectin-3 as a microenvironment-relevant immunoregulator with prognostic and predictive value in lung adenocarcinoma.Molecular oncology · 2024Article
- Blockade of tumor cell-intrinsic PD-L1 signaling enhances AURKA-targeted therapy in triple negative breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- PD-1/PD-L1 pathway: Current research in breast cancer.Breast disease · 2024Review
- Biomarkers and computational models for predicting efficacy to tumor ICI immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- TET Enzymes and 5hmC Levels in Carcinogenesis and Progression of Breast Cancer: Potential Therapeutic Targets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Hydroxyproline metabolism enhances IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression and inhibits autophagic flux.Cell chemical biology · 2023Article
- Targeting PD-1/PD-L1 in cancer immunotherapy: An effective strategy for treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients.Genes & diseases · 2023Review
- Deciphering Common Traits of Breast and Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells and Possible Therapeutic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tumor progression through immune evasion is a major challenge in cancer therapy. Recent studies revealed that enhanced PD-L1 expression in cancer stem cells is linked to immune evasion. Understanding the mechanisms behind this PD-L1 overexpression in cancer stem cells is critical for developing more effective strategies for preventing immune evasion and increasing the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Tumorsphere formation in breast cancer cells enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is evident by increased expression of mesenchymal markers. In this study, we analyzed CpG methylation of PD-L1 promoter in MCF-7 and BT-549 breast cancer cells and tumorspheres derived from them. PD-L1 promoter was significantly hypomethylated in MCF-7 tumorspheres, but not from BT-549 tumorspheres, compared with their cell line counterparts. The active demethylation of PD-L1 promoter was confirmed by the increase in the distribution of 5hmC and decrease in 5mC levels and the upregulation of TET3 and downregulation of DNMTs enzymes in MCF-7 tumorspheres, compared with the cell line. Additionally, we checked the distribution of repressive histones H3K9me3, H3K27me3, and active histone H3K4me3 in the PD-L1 promoter. We found that distribution of repressive histones to the PD-L1 promoter was lower in tumorspheres, compared with cell lines. Moreover, an overexpression of histone acetylation enzymes was observed in tumorspheres suggesting the active involvement of histone modifications in EMT-induced PD-L1 expression. In summary, EMT-associated overexpression of PD-L1 was partially independent of promoter CpG methylation and more likely to be dependent on posttranslational histone modifications.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.