ReviewThe Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS2019
Determinants of Household Catastrophic Health Expenditure: A Systematic Review.
Review in The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of health insurance on economic burden and health service utilization among people with noncommunicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Magnitude of catastrophic health expenditure and its determinants among cancer patients in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC health services research · 2025Pooled it
- The socioeconomic and health system determinants of financial protection indicators: a global systematic review (2008-2023).BMJ global health · 2025Pooled it
- Costs of Influenza Illness and Acute Respiratory Infections by Household Income Level: Catastrophic Health Expenditures and Implications for Health Equity.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Pooled it
- What Policy Approaches Were Effective in Reducing Catastrophic Health Expenditure? A Systematic Review of Studies from Multiple Countries.Applied health economics and health policy · 2022Pooled it
- Incidence of Catastrophic Health Expenditure and Its Determinants in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Applied health economics and health policy · 2021Pooled it
- Assessing progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.8.2 and determinants of catastrophic health expenditures in Malaysia.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Catastrophic health expenditures associated with single admission for paediatric surgery in a low-resource setting: a multicentre study.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Good intentions and the costs of inaction: Financial protection in Austria.Health policy OPEN · 2026Article
- A study on the effect of catastrophic health expenditures on socially vulnerable groups.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Out-of-pocket health expenditures and financial protection in Türkiye: pre-pandemic (2019) and COVID-19 era (2022) microdata.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Optimizing Resource Utilization in Low- and Middle-Income Country NICUs: A Clinical Audit of Surgical Infection Screening Practices at a High-Volume NICU in Pakistan.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- A real-world evaluation of longitudinal healthcare expenses in a health system registry of type-2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease enabled by the 21st century cures act.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of catastrophic health expenditure among adults with chronic pain in an urban slum of Delhi: a community-based cross-sectional study.Frontiers in health services · 2026Article
- Financial burden of severe childhood illness on households in Lao People's Democratic Republic: A prospective cohort study.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- The hidden cost of ageing: measuring the impact of health expenditure on poverty among households with older adults in India.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- When injury costs too much: the catastrophic costs for spinal cord injury in Iran.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Determinants of medical borrowing and associated inequalities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: evidence from the Global Findex survey.Health economics review · 2025Article
- Catastrophic and impoverishing out-of-pocket payments for health care in Poland in 2013-2021.Health policy OPEN · 2025Article
- A Simple Measure of Catastrophic Health Expenditures.Health economics · 2025Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The World Health Organization estimates that annually 150 million people experience severe (catastrophic) financial difficulties as a result of healthcare payments. Therefore, a systematic review was carried out to identify the determinants of household catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) in low-to high-income countries around the world. Both electronic and manual searches were conducted. The main outcome of interest was the determinants of CHE due to healthcare payments. Thirty eight studies met the inclusion criteria for review. The analysis revealed that household economic status, incidence of hospitalisation, presence of an elderly or disabled household member in the family, and presence of a family member with a chronic illness were the common significant factors associated with household CHE. The crucial finding of the current study is that socioeconomic inequality plays an important role in the incidence of CHE all over the world, where low-income households are at high risk of financial hardship from healthcare payments. This suggests that healthcare financing policies should be revised in order to narrow the gap in socioeconomic inequality and social safety nets should be implemented and strengthened for people who have a high need for health care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.