ArticleVaccine2019
Delayed vaccination and its predictors among children under 2 years in India: Insights from the national family health survey-4.
Article in Vaccine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of mHealth application on improving childhood immunization coverage and timeliness: a case of the Gurage Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia, a randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2025Trial
- Timely vaccination coverage and associated factors among children aged 12-23 months in Arbaminch Town, Ethiopia, 2024.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Understanding adverse events following immunisation: evidence of vaccine safety and coincidental events from 3 years of surveillance.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- Understanding vaccination gaps in Peru: a convergent cross-sectional analysis of coverage, parental perceptions, and child mortality data in Sunampe.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Standardized vaccination practices for preterm infants: Egyptian experts' consensus.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Factors affecting timeliness in vaccination of under-five children in India: A cross-sectional study using the NFHS 5 survey during COVID-19.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Coverage disparities and delayed immunization: Assessing 12-month vaccination completion in Canadian children using data from a digital immunization platform.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Measles vaccine hesitancy among mothers in Yerevan, Armenia: A qualitative study.Journal of public health research · 2025Article
- Vaccination delay and associated factors among children of age 12-23 months in Gomma district, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2022.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Timing of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccination: Secondary Outcomes from an Immunological Survey.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Immunization Coverage and Its Determinants Among Children Aged 12-23 Months in East Africa: A Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling Approach Based on DHS 2019-2022.BioMed research international · 2025Article
- Are we really hesitant toward routine immunization: Findings from a cross-sectional study in urban area in the tribal dominant state of India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Timeliness of 24 childhood immunisations and evolution of vaccination delay: Analysis of data from 54 low- and middle-income countries.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Complete vaccination coverage of children born in 2017-2018, living in urban areas of state capitals and in 12 inland cities in Brazil: a population-based survey from a retrospective cohort study.Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2024Article
- Racial inequalities in child vaccination and barriers to vaccination in Brazil among live births in 2017 and 2018: an analysis of a retrospective cohort of the first two years of life.Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2024Article
- Vaccine hesitancy among parents of children in their first two years of life.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Mapping changes in the utilization of childhood immunization over 5 years in a south Indian tertiary care hospital.Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy · 2024Article
- Timely Vaccination and Its Associated Factors Among Parents With Children Aged From 0 to 23 Months in Wolaita Zone Public Hospitals, Southern Ethiopia, 2024: A Facility-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Global pediatric health · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
objectiveDelayed vaccination increases the susceptibility window for vaccine preventable diseases. Our analysis estimates the proportion of children between 10 and 23 months of age with delayed vaccination in India and the associated socio-demographic, maternal and child related factors.
methodsWe used individual level data from the National Family and Health Survey 4, conducted in 2015-2016. The primary outcome of the study was delayed vaccination for BCG, DPT- 1st dose and Measles. Delayed vaccination for each vaccine was defined as administration of the vaccine dose after 28 days of the minimum recommended age, as per the national immunization schedule in India. We estimated the proportion of children with delayed vaccination for each vaccine and used multivariable logistic regression to explore associated factors.
findingsIn the current analysis, 23.1%, 29.3% and 34.8% of children aged 10 to 23 months had delayed vaccination for BCG, DPT-1st dose and Measles respectively. Children from Muslim families (aOR 1.36 for BCG; aOR 1.45 for DPT-1; aOR 1.26 for Measles); birth weight < 2000 g (aOR 2.33 for BCG; aOR 1.53 for DPT-1; aOR 1.36 for Measles) had higher odds of delayed vaccination. Lower maternal education and belonging to a family from lower wealth quintile had higher odds of delayed vaccination. Children of mothers who had tetanus toxoid immunization during pregnancy had lower odds of delayed vaccination (aOR 0.69 for BCG; aOR 0.76 for DPT-1; aOR 0.78 for Measles).
conclusionThe proportion of children with delayed vaccination is high in India. Vaccine timeliness should be a core indicator of the immunization program with greater focus on groups with higher chances of delayed vaccination i.e. home birth, low birth weight new-borns, poorer households, children of mothers with lower education and children from Muslim families.
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