ArticleJournal of family medicine and primary care2019
Assessment of vaccine coverage and associated factors among children in urban agglomerations of Kochi, Kerala, India.
Article in Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Trends in Urban Immunization Coverage in India: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2023Pooled it
- Urban Consumer Behaviors in Kochi, India: Food Choice Motivations, Food Label Literacy, and Nutrition Panel Use.International journal of food science · 2026Article
- Mapping changes in the utilization of childhood immunization over 5 years in a south Indian tertiary care hospital.Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy · 2024Article
- Determinants of pneumococcal vaccination dropout among children aged 12-23 months in Ethiopia: a secondary analysis from the 2019 mini demographic and health survey.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Palliative care management committees: a model of collaborative governance for primary health care.Public health action · 2023Article
- Spatial analysis of vaccine coverage in children under the age of 1 year by mesoregions in Paraíba a northeastern Brazilian state.PloS one · 2023Article
- Spatial analysis of vaccine coverage on the first year of life in the northeast of Brazil.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Partial vaccination and associated factors among children aged 12-23 months in eastern Ethiopia.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- Vaccination coverage and vaccine hesitancy among vulnerable population of India.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Review
- Global search trends on common vaccine-related information in English on the Internet.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2020Article
- Immunization coverage among children aged 12-23 months: A cross sectional study in low performing blocks of Bihar, India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2019Article
- Coverage and Determinants of Birth Dosage of Newborn Immunization in Rural Areas of Dehradun District, Uttarakhand, India: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social MedicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextUrban population in India is growing exponentially. The public sector urban health delivery system has so far been limited in its reach and is far from adequate.
aimsThis study aims to estimate routine immunization coverage and associated factors among children (12-23 months and 60-84 months) in the urban Kochi Metropolitan Area of Kerala. SETTINGS AND
designA cross-sectional study was conducted in Kochi Metropolitan area. MATERIALS AND
methodsA cluster sampling technique was used to collect data on immunization status from 310 children aged between 12 and 23 months and 308 children aged between 60 and 84 months. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Crude coverage details for each vaccine were estimated using percentages and confidence intervals. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were conducted to identify factors associated with immunization coverage.
resultsAmong the children aged 12-23 months, 89% (95% CI 85.5%-92.5%) were fully immunized, 10% were partially immunized, and 1% unimmunized. Less than 10 years of schooling among mothers (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.20-4.81) and living in a nuclear family (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.06-3.14) were determinants associated with partial or unimmunization of children as per multivariate analysis. The coverage of individual vaccines was found to decrease after 18 months from 90% to 75% at 4-5 years for Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanus (DPT) booster. Bivariate analysis found lower birth order and belonging to the Muslim religion as significant factors for this decrease.
conclusionEducation of the mother and nuclear families emerged as areas of vulnerability in urban immunization coverage. Inadequate social support and competing priorities with regard to balancing work and home probably lead to delay or forgetfulness in vaccination. Therefore, a locally contextualized comprehensive strategy with strengthening of the primary health system is needed to improve the immunization coverage in urban areas.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.