ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2019
Scale-dependent interactions between tree canopy cover and impervious surfaces reduce daytime urban heat during summer.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 726 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Field Margin Vegetation Structure Buffers Microclimate Extremes in Temperate Agricultural Landscapes.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Leaf Functional Trait Responses of Urban Street Trees to Point-Source Heat Stress: A Shift Toward Resource-Conservative Strategies Driven by Air-Conditioner Exhausts.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Using station-pair to elucidate the cooling effect of vegetation in megacities.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Spatial justice and urban metabolism in arid cities: a comparative analysis with Amsterdam.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Eroding heat resilience in South Asian cities under observed warming trends.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Trees halve urban heat island effect globally but unequal benefits only modestly mitigate climate-change warming.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Spatial prioritization of vegetation-based climate adaptation pathways in tropical megacity Jakarta, Indonesia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Asymmetric global urban cooling potential demands accelerated and context-specific actions.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Urban forestry for cooler cities faces three critical hurdles.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Drought and fragmentation shape successional trajectories of isolated urban forests in South Korea.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Integrated effects of land cover, topography, urban morphology, and PM2.5 on land surface temperature.PloS one · 2026Article
- The impact of green infrastructure on ecosystem quality based on explainable machine learning: a case study of Shanxi Province, China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Haemosporidian Infection Risk Variation Across an Urban Gradient in a Songbird.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Land-use history causes differences in park nighttime cooling capacity and forest structure.Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America · 2025Article
- Impact of tree canopy cover on the local thermal environments at the Angkor temples of Cambodia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Urban greenspace under a changing climate: Benefit or harm for allergies and respiratory health?Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Review
- Global urban greening and its implication for urban heat mitigation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Parking and Public Health.Current environmental health reports · 2024Review
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As cities warm and the need for climate adaptation strategies increases, a more detailed understanding of the cooling effects of land cover across a continuum of spatial scales will be necessary to guide management decisions. We asked how tree canopy cover and impervious surface cover interact to influence daytime and nighttime summer air temperature, and how effects vary with the spatial scale at which land-cover data are analyzed (10-, 30-, 60-, and 90-m radii). A bicycle-mounted measurement system was used to sample air temperature every 5 m along 10 transects (∼7 km length, sampled 3-12 times each) spanning a range of impervious and tree canopy cover (0-100%, each) in a midsized city in the Upper Midwest United States. Variability in daytime air temperature within the urban landscape averaged 3.5 °C (range, 1.1-5.7 °C). Temperature decreased nonlinearly with increasing canopy cover, with the greatest cooling when canopy cover exceeded 40%. The magnitude of daytime cooling also increased with spatial scale and was greatest at the size of a typical city block (60-90 m). Daytime air temperature increased linearly with increasing impervious cover, but the magnitude of warming was less than the cooling associated with increased canopy cover. Variation in nighttime air temperature averaged 2.1 °C (range, 1.2-3.0 °C), and temperature increased with impervious surface. Effects of canopy were limited at night; thus, reduction of impervious surfaces remains critical for reducing nighttime urban heat. Results suggest strategies for managing urban land-cover patterns to enhance resilience of cities to climate warming.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.