ArticleParasites & vectors2019
Transmission of Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Foggie, 1949) by Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758) ticks feeding on dogs and artificial membranes.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative speed of kill of induced Ixodes scapularis infestations following treatment of dogs with endectocides containing either sarolaner (Simparica Trio™), afoxolaner (NexGardParasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Successful completion of the life cycle of Amblyomma variegatum using tick artificial membrane feeding system.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Fluralaner injectable suspension (Bravecto® injectable) for dogs remains effective against Ixodes ricinus infestations for one-year.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Review of Molecular Tools Used in Diagnosis ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Assessment of the speed of transmission of Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto by infected ticks through an in vitro experimental model.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Attachment sites of Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes hexagonus/Ixodes canisuga and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks and risk factors of infestation intensity and engorgement duration in dogs and cats.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens Encountered by Dogs and Cats: A North European Perspective.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Fipronil prevents transmission of Lyme disease spirochetes.Parasitology · 2024Article
- Frequency of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia spp., and coinfections in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected from dogs and cats in Germany.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Two Ectoparasiticides in Preventing the Acquisition ofMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Aetiologies of bacterial tick-borne febrile illnesses in humans in Africa: diagnostic limitations and the need for improvement.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- Human-BitingMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Preliminary Study on Artificial versus Animal-Based Feeding Systems forMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Year-round tick exposure of dogs and cats in Germany and Austria: results from a tick collection study.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- Cytauxzoon felis in salivary glands of Amblyomma americanum.Ticks and tick-borne diseases · 2023Article
- Experimental Infection of Mice and Ticks with the Human Isolate ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Isolation of infectious Theileria parva sporozoites secreted by infected Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks into an in vitro tick feeding system.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Evaluating Transmission Paths for Three DifferentMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Artificial Feeding of All Consecutive Life Stages ofVaccines · 2021Article
- Red and fallow deer determine the density of Ixodes ricinus nymphs containing Anaplasma phagocytophilum.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe interplay of speed of activity of acaricidal products and tick-borne pathogen transmission time is the major driver for disease prevention. This study aimed to investigate the time required for transmission of Anaplasma phagocytophilum by adult Ixodes ricinus ticks in vivo on dogs, and to confirm the time required for transmission observed in vivo, in vitro.
methodsNymphs of I. ricinus were experimentally infected with an A. phagocytophilum strain of canine origin. Dogs were allocated to 6 groups of 3 dogs each. Groups 1-5 were infested with 50 A. phagocytophilum-infected female adult ticks on Day 0. Ticks were removed post-infestation at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. Dogs in Group 6 were infested with 60 A. phagocytophilum-infected female adult ticks (left on dogs until engorged). Dogs were observed daily for general health and clinically examined on Day 0, and weekly from Day 14. Blood was collected for qPCR and serological analysis on Day 0 (pre-challenge) and weekly thereafter. In the in vitro study each artificial feeding chamber was seeded with 10 adult ticks (5 male/5 female), attachment assessed, and blood pools sampled for qPCR at 6 h intervals up to 72 h after first tick attachment.
resultsAnaplasma phagocytophilum specific antibodies and DNA were detected in all 3 dogs in Group 6. No A. phagocytophilum-specific antibodies or DNA were detected in any dogs in Groups 1-5. All dogs remained healthy. Female tick attachment in 60 artificial feeding chambers over 72 h ranged between 20-60%. Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA was detected in the blood collected from 5% of chambers sampled at 6 h, with the highest number of positive samples (16.3%) observed at 36 h.
conclusionsTransmission of A. phagocytophilum by I. ricinus ticks starts within a few hours after attachment but establishment of infections in dogs is apparently dependent on a minimum inoculation dose that was only observed when ticks attached for greater than 48 h. These findings highlight the need for acaricidal products to exert a repellent and/or rapid killing effect on ticks to forestall transmission and subsequent disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.