Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30909374›Full record

ArticleBrain sciences2019

Electrode Placement in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation-How Reliable Is the Determination of C3/C4?

Tonya L Rich, Bernadette T Gillick

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Brain sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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  14. Age-related no-go P300 amplitudes are moderated by exposure to early-life stress.International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Tonya L RichDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Rehabilitation Science, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 388, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. rich1038@umn.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-9419-7259
Bernadette T GillickDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Rehabilitation Science, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 388, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. gillick@umn.edu.

Funding

Techniques DevelopmentP2CHD086844 · NICHD · MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA · PI THOMPSON, AIKO · 2015 to 2024
$12.7M
Novel Neuromodulatory Intervention in the Rehabilitation of Pediatric HemiparesisK01HD078484 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI GILLICK, BERNADETTE THERESE · 2014 to 2018
$654k
Cerebral Palsy Foundation -Foundation for Physical Therapy -Minnesota's Discovery, Research, and Innovation Economy (MnDRIVE) Fellowship Neuromodulation FellowshipNICHD NIH HHS K01 HD078484NICHD NIH HHS P2C HD086844NIH HHS 5K01HD078484-03University of Minnesota Marie Louise Wales Fellowship Pediatric Fellowship
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The 10/20 electroencephalogram (EEG) measurements system often guides electrode placement for transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a form of non-invasive brain stimulation. One targeted region of the brain is the primary motor cortex (M1) for motor recovery after stroke, among other clinical indications. M1 is identified by C3 and C4 of the 10/20 EEG system yet the reliability of 10/20 EEG measurements by novice research raters is unknown. We investigated the reliability of the 10/20 EEG measurements for C3 and C4 in 25 adult participants. Two novice raters were assessed for inter-rater reliability. Both raters received two hours of instruction from a registered neurodiagnostic technician. One of the raters completed the measurements across two testing days for intra-rater reliability. Relative reliability was determined using the intraclass coefficient (ICC) and absolute reliability. We observed a low to fair inter and intra-rater ICC for motor cortex measurements. The absolute reliability was <1.0 cm by different novice raters and on different days. Although a low error was observed, consideration of the integrity of the targeted region of the brain is critical when designing tDCS interventions in clinical populations who may have compromised brain structure, due to a lesion or altered anatomy.

Indexed as

adultschildrenElectroencephalogramneuroplasticityNon-invasive brain stimulationstroketranscranial direct current stimulation

Identifiers

PMID30909374
PMCPMC6468365

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.