ArticleJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2019
Childhood neurodevelopmental difficulties and risk of adolescent depression: the role of irritability.
Article in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Annual Research Review: What processes are dysregulated among emotionally dysregulated youth? - a systematic review.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Pooled it
- Associations Between Sports-Based After-School Activities, Cognitive Ability, Physical Health, Problematic Internet Use, Psychosocial Health, and Health-Related Behaviors Among Indonesian Adolescents.Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Using Wearable Technology to Predict the Occurrence of Severe Behavior Problems among Neurodiverse Individuals: A Systematic Review.Perspectives on behavior science · 2026Review
- Mapping trajectories of child and adolescent psychopathology: ascertainment of mental health needs in a general population.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2026Article
- Mapping phenotypic and genetic relationships among irritability, depression and ADHD in adolescence using network analysis.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Article
- Longitudinal trajectories of major depressive disorder provide further clinical perspectives for precision psychiatry.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Review
- Irritability in children with RASopathies, insights into emotional dysregulation and social impairment.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Investigating Irritability as a Potentially Causal Risk Pathway to Depression Using Two Genetically Informed Designs.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Research on the potential mechanisms and therapeutic drug for the co-occurrence of major depressive disorder in castration-resistant prostate cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Emotional burden in school as a source of mental health problems associated with ADHD and/or autism: Development and validation of a new co-produced self-report measure.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Article
- Suicidal risk and psychopathological profiles in adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders: an Italian multicentric study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Irritability in young people with copy number variants associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (ND-CNVs).Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Olfactory bulb anomalies in KBG syndrome mouse model and patients.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- The High Rates of Comorbidity among Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Reconsidering the Clinical Utility of Distinct Diagnostic Categories.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Changes in Early Childhood Irritability and Its Association With Depressive Symptoms and Self-Harm During Adolescence in a Nationally Representative United Kingdom Birth Cohort.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2024Article
- Networks of Neurodevelopmental Traits, Socioenvironmental Factors, Emotional Dysregulation in Childhood, and Depressive Symptoms Across Development in Two U.K. Cohorts.The American journal of psychiatry · 2023Article
- Annual Research Review: Perspectives on progress in ADHD science - from characterization to cause.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2023Review
- Longitudinal associations between early childhood irritability and adolescent depression symptoms in autistic children are mediated by peer relationships but not educational engagement.Development and psychopathology · 2023Article
- On the risks of secure attachment in infancy: Childhood irritability and adolescent depression predicted by secure attachment and high approach behaviours at 14-months towards a caregiver living with inter-parental violence.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChildren with neurodevelopmental disorders are at increased risk of developing depression. Irritability predicts depression in the general population and is common in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, it is possible that irritability in children with neurodevelopmental disorders contributes to the link with later depression. This study aimed to (a) examine the association between childhood neurodevelopmental difficulties and adolescent depression and (b) test whether irritability explains this association.
methodsChildren with any neurodevelopmental difficulty at the age of 7-9 (n = 1,697) and a selected, comparison group without any neurodevelopmental difficulty (n = 3,177) were identified from a prospective, UK population-based cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Neurodevelopmental difficulties were defined as a score in the bottom 5% of the sample on at least one measure of cognitive ability, communication, autism spectrum symptoms, attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms, reading or motor coordination. The Development and Well-Being Assessment measured parent-reported child irritability at the age of 7, parent-reported adolescent depression at the age of 10 and 13, and self-reported depression at the age of 15. Depression measures were combined, deriving an outcome of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescence. Logistic regression examined the association between childhood neurodevelopmental difficulties and adolescent MDD, controlling for gender. Path analysis estimated the proportion of this association explained by irritability. Analyses were repeated for individual neurodevelopmental problems.
resultsChildhood neurodevelopmental difficulties were associated with adolescent MDD (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.24, 3.60, p = .006). Childhood irritability statistically accounted for 42% of this association. On examining each neurodevelopmental difficulty separately, autistic, communication and ADHD problems were each associated with depression, with irritability explaining 29%-51% of these links.
conclusionsChildhood irritability appears to be a key contributor to the link between childhood neurodevelopmental difficulties and adolescent MDD. High rates of irritability in children with autistic and ADHD difficulties may explain elevated rates of depression in the neurodevelopmental group.
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