ArticleActa orthopaedica2019
The development of spasticity with age in 4,162 children with cerebral palsy: a register-based prospective cohort study.
Article in Acta orthopaedica, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Long-term effects of selective dorsal rhizotomy in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2020Pooled it
- A Swedish Population-Based Study Found That Muscle Hypertonia in Children With Cerebral Palsy Varied by Age, Subtype, Functional Level, and Muscle Group.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Article
- The Gait Pattern Classification System for Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy (GaP-CP)-A Validity Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Biomechanical and clinical differences in muscle tone, stiffness, range of motion, and pain perception in children with cerebral palsy: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- The Etiology of Neuromuscular Hip Dysplasia and Implications for Management: A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Knee and ankle range of motion and spasticity from childhood into adulthood: a longitudinal cohort study of 3,223 individuals with cerebral palsy.Acta orthopaedica · 2024Article
- Reliability and Construct Validity of the Japanese Version of the Posture and Postural Ability Scale in Individuals with Cerebral Palsy.Physical therapy research · 2024Article
- Enhancing Post-Operative Recovery in Spastic Diplegia through Physical Therapy Rehabilitation following Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy: A Case Report and Thorough Literature Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Morphological Medial Gastrocnemius Muscle Growth in Ambulant Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Knee and foot contracture occur earliest in children with cerebral palsy: a longitudinal analysis of 2,693 children.Acta orthopaedica · 2021Article
- Editorial: Muscle Mechanics, Extracellular Matrix, Afferentation, Structural, and Neurological Coupling and Coordination in Health and Disease.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- The Relationship Between Body Composition and Muscle Tone in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Case-Control Study.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Change in popliteal angle and hamstrings spasticity during childhood in ambulant children with spastic bilateral cerebral palsy. A register-based cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2020Article
- Article
- A Case Report of Cryoneurolysis With Factor VIII Administration for Cerebral Palsy-related Spasticity in a Patient With Hemophilia A.Advances in rehabilitation science and practiceArticle
- Epidemiology of Lower Limb Musculoskeletal Pathology in Cerebral Palsy: A Population-Based, Cohort Study.JB & JS open accessArticle
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and purpose - Spasticity is often regarded as a major cause of functional limitation in children with cerebral palsy (CP). We analyzed the spasticity development with age in the gastrosoleus muscle in children with CP. Children and methods - This is a longitudinal cohort study of 4,162 children (57% boys) with CP born in 1990-2015, monitored using standardized follow-up examinations in the Swedish surveillance program for CP. The study is based on 57,953 measurements of spasticity of the gastrosoleus muscle assessed using the Ashworth scale (AS) in participants between 0 and 15 years of age. The spasticity was analyzed in relation to age, sex, and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels using a linear mixed model. Development of spasticity with age was modeled as a linear spline. Results - The degree of spasticity increased in most children over the first 5 years of life. At 5 years of age, 38% had an AS level of ≥ 2. The spasticity then decreased for 65% of the children during the remaining study period. At 15 years of age only 22% had AS ≥ 2. The level of spasticity and the rate of increase and decrease before and after 5.5 years of age were higher in children at GMFCS IV-V. Interpretation - The degree of spasticity of the gastrosoleus muscle often decreases after 5 years of age, which is important for long-term treatment planning and should be considered in spasticity management.
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