ArticleInternational journal of public health2019
Thirty-eight-year trends of educational differences in smoking in Finland.
Article in International journal of public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations of weekly working hours with biological aging and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: the role of lifestyle.Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Gestational diabetes mellitus and offspring health: A 12-year register-based analysis of specialized health care utilization in Finland.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Rural-urban and educational gradients in head and neck cancer incidence in Finland from 1977 to 2021.Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) · 2025Article
- Mediators of educational differences in dementia risk later in life: evidence from the HUNT study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Cohort Effects on Tobacco Consumption and Its Genetic and Environmental Variance Among Finnish Adults Born Between 1880 and 1957.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Area-level sociodemographic differences in tobacco availability examined with nationwide tobacco product retail licence data in Finland.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Trends in educational inequalities in smoking-attributable mortality and their impact on changes in general mortality inequalities: evidence from England and Wales, Finland, and Italy (Turin).Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2024Article
- Changes in prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of tobacco and nicotine use in Finland during the COVID-19 pandemic.European journal of public health · 2023Article
- Incidence of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis in population-based studies in Northern Savo, Finland, during 1980-2020.Rheumatology international · 2023Article
- Men with Crohn's disease may have an increased risk for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma - a nationwide register study.Clinical oral investigations · 2023Article
- Prevalence and Factors Associated with Tobacco Smoking in a National Representative Sample of Zambian Adults: Data from the 2017 STEPS - NCDs Survey.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2023Article
- Do Epigenetic Clocks Provide Explanations for Sex Differences in Life Span? A Cross-Sectional Twin Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2022Article
- Trends in smoking prevalence in urban and rural China, 2007 to 2018: Findings from 5 consecutive nationally representative cross-sectional surveys.PLoS medicine · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic status and risk of lung cancer by histological subtype in the Nordic countries.Cancer medicine · 2022Article
- Association between educational level and smoking cessation in an 11-year follow-up study of a national health survey.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2021Article
- The North Karelia Project: Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Finland Through Population-Based Lifestyle Interventions.American journal of lifestyle medicineReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesSmoking is declining, but it is unevenly distributed among population groups. Our aim was to examine the socio-economic differences in smoking during 1978-2016 in Finland, a country with a history of strict tobacco control policy.
methodsAnnual population-based random sample data of 25-64-year-olds from 1978 to 2016 (N = 104,315) were used. Response rate varied between 84 and 40%. In addition to logistic regression analysis, absolute and relative educational differences in smoking were examined.
resultsSmoking was more prevalent among the less educated but declined in all educational groups during the study period. Both absolute and relative differences in smoking between the less and highly educated were larger at the end of the study period than at the beginning. Cigarette price seemed to have a larger effect on the smoking among the less educated.
conclusionsSocio-economic differences in smoking among the Finnish adult population have increased since the 1970s until 2016. Further actions are needed, especially focusing on lower socio-economic positions, to tackle inequalities in health. They should include support for smoking cessation and larger cigarette tax increases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.