Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30906311›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in genetics2019

SALMON: Survival Analysis Learning With Multi-Omics Neural Networks on Breast Cancer.

Zhi Huang, Xiaohui Zhan, Shunian Xiang, Travis S Johnson, Bryan Helm, Christina Y Yu, Jie Zhang, Paul Salama, Maher Rizkalla, Zhi Han and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in genetics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 120 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
120citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

120 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Review
  4. SurvGRN: a multi-feature fusion framework for bladder cancer survival prediction.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026
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  17. AHDSN: an attention-enabled hybrid deep sequential network for cancer survivability prediction from multi-omics data.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2025
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60 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Zhi HuangSchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
Xiaohui ZhanDepartment of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
Shunian XiangNational-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
Travis S JohnsonDepartment of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
Bryan HelmDepartment of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
Christina Y YuDepartment of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
Jie ZhangDepartment of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
Paul SalamaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
Maher RizkallaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
Zhi HanDepartment of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
Kun HuangDepartment of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.

Funding

Informatics Links Between Histological Features and Genetics in CancerU01CA188547 · NCI · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI HUANG, KUN · 2015 to 2017
$1.2M
Transfer learning approaches for integration of single cell RNA sequencing data from multiple sourcesF31LM013056 · NLM · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI JOHNSON, TRAVIS STEELE · 2019 to 2020
$46k
NCI NIH HHS U01 CA188547NLM NIH HHS F31 LM013056
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Improved cancer prognosis is a central goal for precision health medicine. Though many models can predict differential survival from data, there is a strong need for sophisticated algorithms that can aggregate and filter relevant predictors from increasingly complex data inputs. In turn, these models should provide deeper insight into which types of data are most relevant to improve prognosis. Deep Learning-based neural networks offer a potential solution for both problems because they are highly flexible and account for data complexity in a non-linear fashion. In this study, we implement Deep Learning-based networks to determine how gene expression data predicts Cox regression survival in breast cancer. We accomplish this through an algorithm called SALMON (Survival Analysis Learning with Multi-Omics Neural Networks), which aggregates and simplifies gene expression data and cancer biomarkers to enable prognosis prediction. The results revealed improved performance when more omics data were used in model construction. Rather than use raw gene expression values as model inputs, we innovatively use eigengene modules from the result of gene co-expression network analysis. The corresponding high impact co-expression modules and other omics data are identified by feature selection technique, then examined by conducting enrichment analysis and exploiting biological functions, escalated the interpretation of input feature from gene level to co-expression modules level. Our study shows the feasibility of discovering breast cancer related co-expression modules, sketch a blueprint of future endeavors on Deep Learning-based survival analysis. SALMON source code is available at https://github.com/huangzhii/SALMON/.

Indexed as

breast cancerco-expression analysiscox regressiondeep Learningmulti-omicsneural networkssurvival prognosis

Identifiers

PMID30906311
PMCPMC6419526

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.