ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2019
Brain Differences Between Men and Women: Evidence From Deep Learning.
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 136 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interindividual Variability in Mental Fatigue-Related Impairments in Endurance Performance: A Systematic Review and Multiple Meta-regression.Sports medicine - open · 2023Pooled it
- Gender-specific estimates of sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of sleep research · 2022Pooled it
- Global cortical arousal effects in fMRI reveal brain markers of state and trait anxiety.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2026Article
- Study of sex differences in the whole brain white matter using diffusion MRI tractography and suprathreshold fiber cluster statistics.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2026Article
- White matter microstructural and macrostructural profiles during midlife reveal sex differences between men and women at different menopausal stages.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Brain functional alterations associated with visuospatial working memory impairment in gouty arthritis patients.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Study of Sex Differences in the Whole Brain White Matter Using Diffusion MRI Tractography and Suprathreshold Fiber Cluster Statistics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Neural correlates of pain acceptance and the role of the cerebellum: Functional connectivity and anatomical differences in individuals with headaches versus matched controls.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025Article
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- Gender differences in brain activity underlying acupuncture sensations at LR3: a task-based fMRI study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Brain network fingerprints of Alzheimer's disease risk factors in mouse models with humanized APOE alleles.Magnetic resonance imaging · 2024Article
- Oculomotor Patterns in Children with Poor Reading Abilities Measured Using the Development Eye Movement Test.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- APOE, Immune Factors, Sex, and Diet Interact to Shape Brain Networks in Mouse Models of Aging.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Multi-level prediction of substance use: Interaction of white matter integrity, resting-state connectivity and inhibitory control measured repeatedly in every-day life.Addiction biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Elevated brain temperature under severe heat exposure impairs cortical motor activity and executive function.Journal of sport and health science · 2024Article
- Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) mediates sex differences in binge drinking through central taste circuits.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Uniformly positive or negative correlation of cerebral gray matter regions with driving safety behaviors of healthy older drivers.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Quality of sleep after COVID-19 infection: a cross-sectional study in the Southern Italy.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- 3DCNN predicting brain age using diffusion tensor imaging.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Do men and women have different brains? Previous neuroimage studies sought to answer this question based on morphological difference between specific brain regions, reporting unfortunately conflicting results. In the present study, we aim to use a deep learning technique to address this challenge based on a large open-access, diffusion MRI database recorded from 1,065 young healthy subjects, including 490 men and 575 women healthy subjects. Different from commonly used 2D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), we proposed a 3D CNN method with a newly designed structure including three hidden layers in cascade with a linear layer and a terminal Softmax layer. The proposed 3D CNN was applied to the maps of factional anisotropy (FA) in the whole-brain as well as specific brain regions. The entropy measure was applied to the lowest-level image features extracted from the first hidden layer to examine the difference of brain structure complexity between men and women. The obtained results compared with the results from using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS). The proposed 3D CNN yielded a better classification result (93.3%) than the SVM (78.2%) on the whole-brain FA images, indicating gender-related differences likely exist in the whole-brain range. Moreover, high classification accuracies are also shown in several specific brain regions including the left precuneus, the left postcentral gyrus, the left cingulate gyrus, the right orbital gyrus of frontal lobe, and the left occipital thalamus in the gray matter, and middle cerebellum peduncle, genu of corpus callosum, the right anterior corona radiata, the right superior corona radiata and the left anterior limb of internal capsule in the while matter. This study provides a new insight into the structure difference between men and women, which highlights the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in brain research.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.