ArticlePhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2019
Different genetic and morphological outcomes for phages targeted by single or multiple CRISPR-Cas spacers.
Article in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut Phage Biobank: a collection of bacteriophages targeting human commensal bacteria.Nature communications · 2025Article
- And… cut! - how conformational regulation of CRISPR-Cas effectors directs nuclease activity.The Biochemical journal · 2025Review
- Global structural survey of the flagellotropic myophage φTE infecting agricultural pathogen Pectobacterium atrosepticum.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Ejectosome ofPNAS nexus · 2024Article
- Increasing CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing efficiency in T7 phage by reducing the escape rate based on insight into the survival mechanism.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2024Article
- Building pyramids against the evolutionary emergence of pathogens.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Correlation ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Identification of an anti-CRISPR protein that inhibits the CRISPR-Cas type I-B system inmSphere · 2023Article
- Article
- Phage Encounters Recorded in CRISPR Arrays in the GenusViruses · 2022Article
- A lipopolysaccharide-dependent phage infects a pseudomonad phytopathogen and can evolve to evade phage resistance.Environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- Tailed Lytic Bacteriophages of Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Searching for fat tails in CRISPR-Cas systems: Data analysis and mathematical modeling.PLoS computational biology · 2021Article
- It is unclear how important CRISPR-Cas systems are for protecting natural populations of bacteria against infections by mobile genetic elements.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Review
- Evolutionary Ecology and Interplay of Prokaryotic Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems.Current biology : CB · 2020Review
- Two Lineages of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Filamentous Phages: Structural Uniformity over Integration Preferences.Genome biology and evolution · 2020Article
- The arms race between bacteria and their phage foes.Nature · 2020Review
- The ecology and evolution of microbial CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas systems provide bacteria and archaea with adaptive immunity against genetic invaders, such as bacteriophages. The systems integrate short sequences from the phage genome into the bacterial CRISPR array. These 'spacers' provide sequence-specific immunity but drive natural selection of evolved phage mutants that escape the CRISPR-Cas defence. Spacer acquisition occurs by either naive or primed adaptation. Naive adaptation typically results in the incorporation of a single spacer. By contrast, priming is a positive feedback loop that often results in acquisition of multiple spacers, which occurs when a pre-existing spacer matches the invading phage. We predicted that single and multiple spacers, representative of naive and primed adaptation, respectively, would cause differing outcomes after phage infection. We investigated the response of two phages, ϕTE and ϕM1, to the Pectobacterium atrosepticum type I-F CRISPR-Cas system and observed that escape from single spacers typically occurred via point mutations. Alternatively, phages escaped multiple spacers through deletions, which can occur in genes encoding structural proteins. Cryo-EM analysis of the ϕTE structure revealed shortened tails in escape mutants with tape measure protein deletions. We conclude that CRISPR-Cas systems can drive phage genetic diversity, altering morphology and fitness, through selective pressures arising from naive and primed acquisition events. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The ecology and evolution of prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems'.
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