ArticlePharmaceutical biology2019
β-Sitosterol modulates macrophage polarization and attenuates rheumatoid inflammation in mice.
Article in Pharmaceutical biology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence Construction of Chuankezhi Injection Against Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Pharmacology.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2024Pooled it
- [Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2024Trial
- Review
- Biochemical investigations, in silico study and targeted delivery aspects of plant phytosterols: β-sitosterol.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Beta sitosterol inhibits the proliferation and migration of synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis via lactylation of GPI.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Effects and molecular mechanisms ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Combining Experimental Validation and Network Pharmacology to Reveal the Action Mechanism of Panax Notoginseng-Radix Salviae on Atherosclerosis.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Endophytic fungi from Cissus quadrangularis plant a promising source of bioactive compounds.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2024Article
- Network-based pharmacology to predict the mechanism of qianghuo erhuang decoction in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.African health sciences · 2024Article
- Carob (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Laggera alata Attenuates Inflammatory Response by Regulating Macrophage Polarization in Rheumatoid Arthritis Mice.Molecular biotechnology · 2024Article
- Mechanisms ofOpen medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2024Article
- Systematic pharmacology-based strategy to investigate the mechanism of beta-sitosterol for the treatment of rheumarthritis.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
- Beyond Pharmaceuticals: Harnessing the Potential of Plant-based Compounds for Anti-inflammatory Therapy.Recent advances in inflammation & allergy drug discovery · 2024Review
- Mechanism of Action of NvZhen ErXian HeJi in Ovariectomized Rats with Myocardial Infarction based on Network Pharmacology.Current pharmaceutical design · 2024Article
- Hua-Feng-Dan Alleviates LPS-induced Neuroinflammation by Inhibiting the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB Pathway: Integrating Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation.Current pharmaceutical design · 2024Article
- Molecular Mechanism of the Asarum-Angelica Drug Pair in the Treatment of Periodontitis Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- β-Sitosterol Alleviates Neuropathic Pain by Affect Microglia Polarization through Inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2023Article
- AMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextβ-Sitosterol (BS), the primary constituent of plants and vegetables, exhibits multiple biological effects.
objectiveThis study explores its effect of immune-regulation on macrophages and its potential for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapy. MATERIALS AND
methodsIn vitro, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were treated with 5, 25 and 50 μM BS in the M1 or M2 polarization conditions. In vivo, either i.p. injection with 20 or 50 mg/kg BS every 2 d after boost immunization of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) or adoptive transfer of 2 × 10
resultsThe phenotypes and function of BMDMs showed that 5, 25 and 50 μM BS significantly repressed the M1 polarization and augmented M2 polarization dependent upon concentration. The expression of iNOS, IL-1β, CD86 and MHCII in 25 μM BS-treated M1-polarized BMDMs was reduced by 50.2, 47.1, 87.1 and 31.3%, respectively. In contrast, the expression of arginase-1, IL-10, CD163 and CD206 in 25 μM BS-treated M2-polarized BMDMs was increased by 65.6, 107.4, 23.5 and 51.3%, respectively. In CIA mice, either i.p. injection with BS or adoptive transfer of BS-BMDMs could alleviate the symptoms of ankle swelling (vehicle group: 3.13 ± 0.102 mm; 20 mg/kg BS group: 2.64 ± 0.043 mm; 50 mg/kg BS group: 2.36 ± 0.084 mm; BMDMs group: 3.09 ± 0.174 mm; BS-BMDMs group: 2.43 ± 0.042 mm), reduce the levels of collagen-specific antibodies (IgG and IgG1, but not IgG2c, p < 0.05) and inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (p < 0.05). Depletion of IL-10 counteracted the effect of BS treatment (α-IL-10 vs. RatIgG1, p < 0.01 on day 16), highlighting the role of IL-10 in the anti-inflammatory response.
conclusionsThese results suggested that BS could modulate the functions of macrophages and might be a promising agent for RA therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.