ArticlePhysiology & behavior2019
Fluoride related changes in behavioral outcomes may relate to increased serotonin.
Article in Physiology & behavior, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Developmental vulnerability to fluoride toxicity: enamel and clearance differences in adolescent versus mature mice.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Effect of Voluntary Wheel Running on Anxiety- and Depression-Like Behaviors in Fluoride-Exposed Mice.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Effects of low concentration of fluoride exposure during fetal on behavior and neurotransmitters in adult mice.Biomedical reports · 2025Article
- Parasite-mediated alteration of behaviour and biomolecular dynamics in a mouse model.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Epigenome-wide association study of fluoride exposure during early adolescence and DNA methylation among U.S. children.The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
- The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Gut Microbiota Modulates Conspecific Aggression in Diversely Selected Laying Hens.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Fluoride exposure during early adolescence and its association with internalizing symptoms.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Impacts of Fluoride Neurotoxicity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction on Cognition and Mental Health: A Literature Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Chronic Fluoride Exposure and the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Fluoride ingestion has been linked to changes in behavior in mice and rats, related to dose, sex of the animal, and the timing of exposure. Previous studies have shown the behavior of female rats to be most affected by postnatal fluoride exposure, and in this study we determined the effects of postnatal fluoride exposure on anxiety related behavior and serotonin. Mice given 50 ppm fluoride in drinking water had increased entries in the open arms of the elevated plus maze, suggesting reduced anxiety. Both peripheral and central serotonin was increased in the fluoride treated mice. In a cohort of children drinking water containing 2.5 ppm fluoride, serum serotonin was also increased as compared to controls. The mechanisms by which fluoride results in an increase peripheral and central serotonin are not well understood, but warrant further study, as these effects may also be relevant to prenatal fluoride related changes in behavior in both mice and humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.