ArticleWorld journal of urology2019
Testosterone replacement therapy is associated with an increased risk of urolithiasis.
Article in World journal of urology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnosis, management, and outcomes of drug-induced erythrocytosis: a systematic review.Blood advances · 2025Pooled it
- Low serum testosterone is associated with an increased risk of first-time renal calculi in men without testosterone replacement therapy.International journal of impotence research · 2025Article
- Older age and low testosterone levels are independently associated with kidney stone prevalence in men: results from a large cross-sectional study.International journal of impotence research · 2025Article
- Response to comment on: Low serum testosterone is associated with an increased risk of first-time renal calculi in men without testosterone replacement therapy.International journal of impotence research · 2025Article
- The Hidden Link between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Kidney Stones: Finding from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS).Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Prevalence of secondary erythrocytosis in men receiving testosterone therapy A matched-cohort analysis of intranasal gel, injections, and pellets.Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2023Article
- Factors associated with sex differences in the risk of kidney stones.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2023Article
- Hypogonadism and urologic surgeries: a narrative review.Translational andrology and urology · 2022Review
- Risk of urolithiasis increased with testosterone replacement therapy.Nature reviews. Urology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo determine whether TRT in men with hypogonadism is associated with an increased risk of urolithiasis.
methodsWe conducted a population-based matched cohort study utilizing data sourced from the Military Health System Data Repository (a large military-based database that includes beneficiaries of the TRICARE program). This included men aged 40-64 years with no prior history of urolithiasis who received continuous TRT for a diagnosis of hypogonadism between 2006 and 2014. Eligible individuals were matched using both demographics and comorbidities to TRICARE enrollees who did not receive TRT. The primary outcome was 2-year absolute risk of a stone-related event, comparing men on TRT to non-TRT controls.
resultsThere were 26,586 pairs in our cohort. Four hundred and eighty-two stone-related events were observed at 2 years in the non-TRT group versus 659 in the TRT group. Log-rank comparisons showed this to be a statistically significant difference in events between the two groups (p < 0.0001). This difference was observed for topical (p < 0.0001) and injection (p = 0.004) therapy-type subgroups, though not for pellet (p = 0.27). There was no significant difference in stone episodes based on secondary polycythemia diagnosis, which was used as an indirect indicator of higher on-treatment testosterone levels (p = 0.14).
conclusionWe observed an increase in 2-year absolute risk of stone events among those on TRT compared to those who did not undergo this hormonal therapy. These findings merit further investigation into the pathophysiologic basis of our observation and consideration by clinicians when determining the risks and benefits of placing patients on TRT.
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Registered trials
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