ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2019
Evidence of concurrent and prospective associations between early maltreatment and ADHD through childhood and adolescence.
Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disentangling the Associations Between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Child Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2023Pooled it
- Understanding the association between adverse childhood experiences and subsequent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Brain and behavior · 2022Pooled it
- ADHD and Exposure to Maltreatment in Children and Youth: a Systematic Review of the Past 10 Years.Current psychiatry reports · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Predictors of developmental change in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a 25-year prospective study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Associations Between Distinct Trauma Classes and Mental Health Care Utilization in Norwegian Adolescents: A National Registry Study.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Early life adversity and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Pathways to persistence and adult susceptibility.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2025Review
- Article
- Article
- Educational Services and School Reintegration Supports for Youth After Acute Behavioral Health Unit Hospitalization.Continuity in education · 2025Article
- Gene - maltreatment interplay in adult ADHD symptoms: main role of a gene-environment correlation effect in a Brazilian population longitudinal study.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Developmental Neuroendocrinology of Early-Life Stress: Impact on Child Development and Behavior.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Article
- Patterns of Childhood Adversity among Women with and without Childhood ADHD: Links to Adult Psychopathology and Global Functioning.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2023Article
- Inflammation and emotion regulation: a narrative review of evidence and mechanisms in emotion dysregulation disorders.Neuronal signaling · 2023Review
- Prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders and their impact on the health and social well-being among looked after children (LAC): a systematic review protocol.Systematic reviews · 2022Article
- Do Trajectories of Sensation Seeking Vary by Sex and Child Maltreatment Subtypes?Journal of interpersonal violence · 2022Article
- A Gene-Environment Interaction Study of Polygenic Scores and Maltreatment on Childhood ADHD.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2022Article
- Article
- Association Between Hyperactivity Symptoms and Somatic Complaints: Mediating and Moderating Mechanisms in Childhood Trauma and Life Events Among Chinese Male Adolescents.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeAn emerging body of work suggests a link between childhood maltreatment and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, research examining the role of maltreatment in the early course of the disorder lacks robust evidence from longitudinal studies. Our aim was to examine concurrent and prospective associations between maltreatment experiences and ADHD diagnosis and sex differences, and to estimate the association between repetitive maltreatment exposure and ADHD through childhood and adolescence.
methodsData were obtained from the Boricua Youth Study, a longitudinal study of 2480 children and adolescents of Puerto Rican background. Neglect, physical, emotional and sexual abuse, and foster placement were regressed on ADHD diagnosis measured at each of three waves using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV. Multilevel regressions estimated the effects of exposure on ADHD, adjusted by age, sex, income, household education, parental psychopathology, comorbidity and ADHD medication status.
resultsEmotional abuse and foster placement had robust associations with ADHD diagnosis. For girls, physical abuse had a threefold increase in the odds of having ADHD diagnosis; for boys, associations were observed only for emotional abuse. Prospective models examining the risk of ADHD following maltreatment provided initial evidence for the effects of physical abuse on ADHD, and a linear trend for repetitive exposure suggested increased probability for disorder persistence.
conclusionsAssociations between early maltreatment and ADHD were robust. Different categories of maltreatment increase the likelihood of ADHD for girls and boys. Increased exposure to maltreatment may predict symptom persistence. Interventions addressing ADHD must consider the effects of both sex and family environment.
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Registered trials
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