ArticlePreventive medicine2019
Tobacco smoke exposure disparities persist in U.S. children: NHANES 1999-2014.
Article in Preventive medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Babies Living Safe and Smokefree (BLiSS) Intervention Reduces Children's Tobacco Smoke Exposure Directly and Indirectly by Improving Maternal Smokers' Urge Management Skills and Exposure Protection Behaviors.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Trial
- The Effect of Adult Smoking Behavior on Children's Exposure to Secondhand Smoke. An Analysis Based on Salivary Cotinine Levels Among Children in Dhaka and Karachi.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Trial
- Eliminating children's tobacco smoke exposure: a pathway to bioverified abstinence among low-income maternal smokers in the Babies Living Safe and Smokefree (BLiSS) trial.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Sociodemographic and visit differences in screening for household tobacco smoke exposure in pediatric primary care.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Association between children's secondhand co-exposure to tobacco and cannabis smoke and elevated urinary cotinine levels: a cross-sectional analysis.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Association between household secondhand smoke exposure and ADHD in US children aged 4-15 years: Evidence from NHANES 1999-2004.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Tobacco Smoke Exposure Biomarker Profiles and Healthcare Utilization Patterns Among U.S. Children.Toxics · 2025Article
- Secondhand smoke exposure among United States children with functional disabilities: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2021-2023.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Refer2Quit: A pilot referral approach to promote treatment for parents who smoke tobacco through pediatric primary care.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Children and Adolescents: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Co-Morbid Neuropsychiatric Conditions in a US Nationwide Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- The Diverging Trend in Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke Among US Children.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Assessment of the Smoke Free Families Tobacco Screening, Counseling, and Referral Program in Pediatric Primary Care Practices.Academic pediatrics · 2024Article
- Place-based estimates of cigarette butt litter raise environmental justice concerns in the United States.PloS one · 2024Article
- Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure in homes and vehicles in youth: disparities among racial, and sexual and gender minorities.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Environmental tobacco smoke exposure in a multi-city cohort of children with asthma: Analyzing true exposure and the validity of caregiver survey.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2024Article
- Tobacco smoke exposure, the lower airways microbiome and outcomes of ventilated children.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- Associations of household tobacco smoking status with childhood temperament among U.S. preschool-aged children.Journal of affective disorders · 2023Article
- Systematic braiding of Smoke-Free Home SafeCare to address child maltreatment risk and secondhand smoke exposure: findings from a pilot study.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) is a common modifiable hazard to children. The objective was to investigate how the prevalence of TSE varied from 1999 to 2014 among U.S. children and to calculate differences between sociodemographic characteristics and TSE by two-year increases. We also assessed associations between sociodemographics and TSE in 2013-2014. A secondary analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2014 was performed including 14,199 children 3-11 years old from nationwide. We conducted logistic regression analyses to assess TSE trends, and associations between sociodemographics and TSE in 2013-2014. TSE prevalence declined from 64.5% to 38.1% during 1999-2014 (a relative reduction of 44.4%). TSE declined among all sociodemographics. In 2013-2014, differences in TSE were found by race/ethnicity, family monthly poverty level [FPL], and house status. Non-Hispanic black children were 1.85 times more likely (95%CI[1.39-2.47]) to be exposed to tobacco smoke than non-Hispanic white children, whereas Non-Hispanic other (OR = 0.71, 95%CI[0.52-0.96]), Hispanic other (OR = 0.42, 95%CI[0.30-0.59]), and Hispanic Mexican (OR = 0.27, 95%CI[0.21-0.35]) children were at lower risk of exposure. Compared to those in the highest FPL category (>185%), children with FPL ≤130% were 3.37 times more likely (95%CI[2.73-4.15]) and children with FPL 131-185% were 1.80 times more likely (95%CI[1.31-2.49]) to be exposed. Children who lived in rented homes were 2.23 times more likely (95%CI[1.85-2.69]) to be exposed than children who lived in owned homes. Targeted tobacco control efforts are needed to reduce existing TSE disparities among children, especially those who are non-Hispanic black, low socioeconomic status, and live in rented homes.
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