Trial reportPloS one2019
Online repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation during working memory in younger and older adults: A randomized within-subject comparison.
Trial report in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on resting-state connectivity: A systematic review.NeuroImage · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of online repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on cognitive processing: A meta-analysis and recommendations for future studies.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Tuning out emotional distractors by tuning in theta rhythm: improving visual working memory using transcranial magnetic stimulation.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2026Article
- Consensus guidelines for the use of concurrent TMS-fMRI in cognitive and clinical neuroscience.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Feasibility of Integrating Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback with rTMS: Study Design, Preliminary Results, and Technical Challenges.Aperture neuro · 2026Article
- Targeting VMPFC-amygdala circuit with TMS in substance use disorder: A mechanistic framework.Addiction biology · 2025Article
- Chronometric TMS-fMRI of personalized left dorsolateral prefrontal target reveals state-dependency of subgenual anterior cingulate cortex effects.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Site- and frequency-specific enhancement of visual search performance with online individual alpha frequency (IAF) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the inferior frontal junction.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a tool for cognitive enhancement in healthy adults: a review study.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2024Review
- Lessons learned from an fMRI-guided rTMS study on performance in a numerical Stroop task.PloS one · 2024Article
- Effects of high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation on theta-gamma oscillations and coupling in the prefrontal cortex of rats during working memory task.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2023Article
- Article
- Modelling the differential effects of age on transcranial magnetic stimulation induced electric fields.Journal of neural engineering · 2023Article
- Alterations of neural activity in the prefrontal cortex associated with deficits in working memory performance.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Review
- Towards causal mechanisms of consciousness through focused transcranial brain stimulation.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2023Review
- Strategies to Promote Cognitive Health in Aging: Recent Evidence and Innovations.Current psychiatry reports · 2022Review
- State-dependent effects of neural stimulation on brain function and cognition.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2022Review
- Article
- A novel approach for targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for transcranial magnetic stimulation using a cognitive task.Experimental brain research · 2022Article
- Noninvasive neuromodulation of the prefrontal cortex in mental health disorders.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Working memory is the ability to perform mental operations on information that is stored in a flexible, limited capacity buffer. The ability to manipulate information in working memory is central to many aspects of human cognition, but also declines with healthy aging. Given the profound importance of such working memory manipulation abilities, there is a concerted effort towards developing approaches to improve them. The current study tested the capacity to enhance working memory manipulation with online repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in healthy young and older adults. Online high frequency (5Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to test the hypothesis that active repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation would lead to significant improvements in memory recall accuracy compared to sham stimulation, and that these effects would be most pronounced in working memory manipulation conditions with the highest cognitive demand in both young and older adults. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied while participants were performing a delayed response alphabetization task with three individually-titrated levels of difficulty. The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was identified by combining electric field modeling to individualized functional magnetic resonance imaging activation maps and was targeted during the experiment using stereotactic neuronavigation with real-time robotic guidance, allowing optimal coil placement during the stimulation. As no accuracy differences were found between young and older adults, the results from both groups were collapsed. Subsequent analyses revealed that active stimulation significantly increased accuracy relative to sham stimulation, but only for the hardest condition. These results point towards further investigation of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for memory enhancement focusing on high difficulty conditions as those most likely to exhibit benefits.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.