ReviewJournal of anatomy2019
Astrogliogenesis in human fetal brain: complex spatiotemporal immunoreactivity patterns of GFAP, S100, AQP4 and YKL-40.
Review in Journal of anatomy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Elevated Serum Neurofilament Light Chain Is Associated With Systemic Inflammation in Very Preterm Infants.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Article
- Female metabolic resilience and male-biased protein quality defects under hypoxia in human brain organoids.iScience · 2026Article
- Metabolic trajectories in developing human neocortical neurons.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- "Stand by me": astrocyte-microglia crosstalk in central nervous system development, homeostasis, injury, and disease.Frontiers in network physiology · 2026Review
- Biallelic null RAB3GAP1 variants impair cortical development and autophagy in Warburg Micro syndrome: evidence from fetal brain tissue and patient fibroblasts.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Inflammatory transcriptomic signatures in a human cellular NMOSD model reveal upregulation of NF-κB and IL6 pathways.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Identification of Gestation-Specific Patterns of Physiological, Protein and Cell-Free RNA Injury Markers in a Sheep Model of Regulable Preterm Fetal Hypoxia.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2025Article
- The shifting landscape of the preterm brain.Neuron · 2025Review
- The human neural cell atlas of Zika virus infection in developing brain tissue.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Relationships between neuropsychiatric symptoms, subtypes of astrocyte activities, and brain pathologies in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of astrocyte aging in reactivity and disease.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- From Physiology to Pathology of Astrocytes: Highlighting Their Potential as Therapeutic Targets for CNS Injury.Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Review
- Non-hematopoietic erythropoietin splice variant is produced in the diseased human brain and confers neuroprotection.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Aquaporin-4 in glioblastoma: a nexus of glymphatic dysfunction, edema, immune evasion, and treatment resistance.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
- High-Complexity Barcoded Rabies Virus for Scalable Circuit Mapping Using Single-Cell and Single-Nucleus Sequencing.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Spatial-temporal representation of the astroglial markers in the developing human cortex.Brain structure & function · 2024Article
- Heterogeneity in the formation of primary and secondary visual fields during human prenatal development.Biological research · 2024Article
- The role of microglia in early neurodevelopment and the effects of maternal immune activation.Seminars in immunopathology · 2024Review
- hPSC-Derived Astrocytes at the Forefront of Translational Applications in Neurological Disorders.Cells · 2024Review
- Differential Cytokine Responses of APOE3 and APOE4 Blood-brain Barrier Cell Types to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The astroglial lineage consists of heterogeneous cells instrumental for normal brain development, function and repair. Unfortunately, this heterogeneity complicates research in the field, which suffers from lack of truly specific and sensitive astroglial markers. Nevertheless, single astroglial markers are often used to describe astrocytes in different settings. We therefore investigated and compared spatiotemporal patterns of immunoreactivity in developing human brain from 12 to 21 weeks post conception and publicly available RNA expression data for four established and potential astroglial markers - GFAP, S100, AQP4 and YKL-40. In the hippocampal region, we also screened for C3, a complement component highly expressed in A1-reactive astrocytes. We found diverging partly overlapping patterns of the established astroglial markers GFAP, S100 and AQP4, confirming that none of these markers can fully describe and discriminate different developmental forms and subpopulations of astrocytes in human developing brain, although AQP4 seems to be the most sensitive and specific marker for the astroglial lineage at midgestation. AQP4 characterizes a brain-wide water transport system in cerebral cortex with regional differences in immunoreactivity at midgestation. AQP4 distinguishes a vast proportion of astrocytes and subpopulations of radial glial cells destined for the astroglial lineage, including astrocytes determined for the future glia limitans and apical truncated radial glial cells in ganglionic eminences, devoid of GFAP and S100. YKL-40 and C3d, previously found in reactive astrocytes, stain different subpopulations of astrocytes/astroglial progenitors in developing hippocampus at midgestation and may characterize specific subpopulations of 'developmental astrocytes'. Our results clearly reflect that lack of pan-astrocytic markers necessitates the consideration of time, region, context and aim when choosing appropriate astroglial markers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.