ArticlePsychiatry and clinical neurosciences2019
Development and validation of the 22-item Tarumi's Modern-Type Depression Trait Scale: Avoidance of Social Roles, Complaint, and Low Self-Esteem (TACS-22).
Article in Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Failure to Launch (FTL): A Narrative Review and Call for Research.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2026Review
- Article
- Hikikomori in the urban digital era: a psychodynamic, transdiagnostic model and multimodal interventions.Current opinion in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Blood-Based Metabolomic Biomarkers and Personality Traits in Major Depressive Disorder: Toward an Integrated Framework for Precision Psychiatry.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Leveraging machine learning to uncover the hidden links between trusting behavior and biological markers.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- The flow cytometric analysis of depression focusing on modern-type depression and hikikomori: Exploring the link between subtypes of depression and immunological imbalances.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Comorbidity Between Hikikomori and Autistic Traits May Be Identified as a Phenotypical Presentation Characterized by Greater Severity.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Could the Construct of Modern-Type Depression Predict Internet Gaming Disorder in Italian Video Gamers? A Case-Control Study.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Hikikomori (Severe Social Withdrawal) in Italian Adolescents: Clinical Features and Follow-Up.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Autism Spectrum, Hikikomori Syndrome and Internet Gaming Disorder: Is There a Link?Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Hikikomori: A Scientometric Review of 20 Years of Research.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Pathological social withdrawal in autism spectrum disorder: A case control study of hikikomori in Japan.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Risk factors of hikikomori among office workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective online survey.Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Psychological Traits of Patients With Depression Comorbid With Chronic Pain: Are Complaint and Competitive Tendency Related to Pain?Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- COVID-19 Pandemic and Quality of Life among Romanian Athletes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Blood metabolic signatures of hikikomori, pathological social withdrawal.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience · 2021Article
- Autism spectrum conditions in hikikomori: A pilot case-control study.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2020Article
- Factor structure of the University Personality Inventory in Japanese medical students.BMC psychology · 2020Article
- Internet Addiction, Smartphone Addiction, and Hikikomori Trait in Japanese Young Adult: Social Isolation and Social Network.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimUnderstanding premorbid personality is important, especially when considering treatment selection. Historically, the premorbid personality of patients with major depression in Japan was described as Shuchaku-kishitsu [similar to Typus melancholicus], as proposed by Shimoda in the 1930s. Since around 2000, there have been increased reports in Japan of young adults with depression who have had premorbid personality differing from the traditional type. In 2005, Tarumi termed this novel condition 'dysthymic-type depression,' and more recently the condition has been called Shin-gata/Gendai-gata Utsu-byo [modern-type depression (MTD)]. We recently developed a semi-structured diagnostic interview to evaluate MTD. Development of a tool that enables understanding of premorbid personality in a short time, especially at the early stage of treatment, is desirable. The object of this study was to develop a self-report scale to evaluate the traits of MTD, and to assess the scale's psychometric properties, diagnostic accuracy, and biological validity.
methodsA sample of 340 participants from clinical and community settings completed measures. Psychometric properties were assessed with factor analysis. Diagnostic accuracy of the MTD traits was compared against a semi-structured interview.
resultsThe questionnaire contained 22 items across three subscales, thus we termed it the 22-item Tarumi's Modern-Type Depression Trait Scale: Avoidance of Social Roles, Complaint, and Low Self-Esteem (TACS-22). Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity were all satisfactory. Among patients with major depression, the area under the curve was 0.757 (sensitivity of 63.1% and specificity of 82.9%) and the score was positively correlated with plasma tryptophan.
conclusionThe TACS-22 possessed adequate psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy in an initial sample of Japanese adults. Additional research on its ability to support clinical assessment of MTD is warranted.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.