Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30899565›Full record

ArticleBMJ global health2019

Estimating global trends in total and childhood antibiotic consumption, 2011-2015.

Charlotte Jackson, Yingfen Hsia, Julia A Bielicki, Sally Ellis, Peter Stephens, Ian C K Wong, Mike Sharland

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ global health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
7.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Charlotte JacksonPaediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8544-7685
Yingfen HsiaPaediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK.
Julia A BielickiPaediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK.
Sally EllisGlobal Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland.
Peter StephensIQVIA, London, UK.
Ian C K WongResearch Department of Practice and Policy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK.
Mike SharlandPaediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK.
St George's, University of London · GBGlobal Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership · CHIQVIA (United Kingdom) · GBUniversity College London · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionUnderstanding patterns of antibiotic consumption is essential to ensure access to appropriate antibiotics when needed and to minimise overuse, which can lead to antibiotic resistance. We aimed to describe changes in global antibiotic consumption between 2011 and 2015.

methodsWe analysed wholesale data on total antibiotic sales and antibiotics sold as child-appropriate formulations (CAFs), stratified by country income level (low/middle-income and high-income countries (LMICs and HICs)). The volume of antibiotics sold per year was recorded for 36 LMICs and 39 HICs, measured in standard units (SU: 1 SU is equivalent to a single tablet, capsule or 5 mL ampoule/vial/oral suspension) and SU per person, overall and as CAFs. Changes over time were quantified as percentage changes and compound annual growth rates in consumption per person. Analyses were conducted separately for total sales, sales of antibiotics in the Access and Watch groups of the WHO's Essential Medicines List for children 2017, for amoxicillin and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid.

resultsAntibiotic consumption increased slightly between 2011 and 2015, from 6.85×10

conclusionsAs measured in standard units in sales data, the rate of increase in global antibiotic consumption may be slowing. However, the trends appear to differ between countries and drugs. In the absence of routine surveillance of antibiotic use in many countries, these data provide important indicators of trends in consumption which should be confirmed in national and local studies of prescribing.

Indexed as

antibioticsglobal surveillancepaediatrics

Identifiers

PMID30899565
PMCPMC6407570
OpenAlexW2919720459

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.