ArticleBMJ global health2019
The impact of universal home visits with pregnant women and their spouses on maternal outcomes: a cluster randomised controlled trial in Bauchi State, Nigeria.
Article in BMJ global health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gender-Based Violence Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Interventions at Structural, Community, Interpersonal, Individual, and Multiple Levels.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Equity Impact of Universal Home Visits to Pregnant Women and Their Spouses in Bauchi State, Nigeria: Secondary Analysis From a Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial.Community health equity research & policy · 2025Trial
- Promoting gender equity in a home visits programme: a qualitative study in Northern Nigeria.BMC women's health · 2024Trial
- Universal home visits improve male knowledge and attitudes about maternal and child health in Bauchi State, Nigeria: Secondary outcome analysis of a stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial.Journal of global health · 2022Trial
- Impact of universal home visits on child health in Bauchi State, Nigeria: a stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial.BMC health services research · 2021Trial
- A cross-sectional study to evaluate access to antenatal care services in Twifo Hemang Lower Denkyira district of Ghana.PloS one · 2026Article
- Enhancing intergenerational HeAlth in Nigeria: peripartum as Critical life stagE for CardioVascular Health (ENHANCE-CVH) study: findings from pre-implementation using the updated consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR 2.0).Implementation science communications · 2025Article
- Are populations of postpartum women differentially served by community health worker programs: an observational cohort study from Zanzibar, Tanzania.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Observational
- Effect of post-discharge postnatal educational intervention on postnatal practices among low-income primiparas in Nairobi informal settlements, Kenya: a post-test quasi-experiment.The Pan African medical journal · 2024Article
- Community Groups Co-Design Evidence-Based Docudramas to Communicate About Child Spacing in Bauchi State, Nigeria: A Qualitative Descriptive Study.Community health equity research & policy · 2023Article
- Article
- Receiving antenatal care via mobile clinic: Lived experiences of Jordanian mothers.International journal of nursing sciences · 2023Article
- Impact-Oriented Dialogue for Culturally Safe Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health in Bauchi State, Nigeria: Protocol for a Codesigned Pragmatic Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
- "I had to change my attitude": narratives of most significant change explore the experience of universal home visits to pregnant women and their spouses in Bauchi State, Nigeria.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2021Article
- Impact of home visits to pregnant women and their spouses on gender norms and dynamics in Bauchi State, Nigeria: Narratives from visited men and women.Global health promotion · 2021Article
- Causes of short birth interval (kunika) in Bauchi State, Nigeria: systematizing local knowledge with fuzzy cognitive mapping.Reproductive health · 2021Article
- Communities and service providers address access to perinatal care in postconflict Northern Uganda: socialising evidence for participatory action.Family medicine and community health · 2021Article
- The relationship between time spent during the first ANC contact, home visits and adherence to ANC contacts in Ghana.Global health action · 2021Article
- "Kunika women are always sick": views from community focus groups on short birth interval (kunika) in Bauchi state, northern Nigeria.BMC women's health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionMaternal mortality in Nigeria is extremely high. Access to quality antenatal and obstetric care is limited. In Bauchi State, we found maternal morbidity was associated with domestic violence, heavy work in pregnancy, ignorance of danger signs, and lack of spousal communication. This cluster randomized controlled trial tested the impact of universal home visits that discussed these upstream risk factors with pregnant women and their spouses, to precipitate household actions protecting pregnant women.
methodsWe randomly allocated four wards in Toro Local Government Authority to immediate or delayed intervention. Female and male home visitors visited all pregnant women and their spouses in the two intervention wards every 2 months. We compared completed pregnancies between intervention and pre-intervention wards after 1 year. Primary outcomes were pregnancy, delivery, and postnatal complications, analysed with intention to treat using a cluster t-test. Ancillary analysis examined the influence of baseline and health service use differences.
resultsAmong 1837 women in intervention wards and 1853 women in pre-intervention wards, the intervention reduced problems in pregnancy and post partum: raised blood pressure (relative risk reduction (RRR) 0.120, cluster-adjusted 95% CI (CIca) 0.045 to 0.194; risk difference (RD) 0.116, 95% CIca 0.042 to 0.190) and swelling of face or hands (RRR 0.271, 95% CIca 0.201 to 0.340; RD 0.264, 95% CIca 0.194 to 0.333) and postpartum sepsis (RRR 0.399, 95% CIca 0.220 to 0.577; RD 0.324, 95% CIca 0.155 to 0.493). The intervention reduced the targeted upstream risk factors such as heavy work during pregnancy (RRR 0.234, 95% CIca 0.085 to 0.383; RD 0.222, 95% CIca 0.073 to 0.370). It did not increase use of antenatal care, institutional delivery or skilled birth attendance.
conclusionHome visits reduced upstream maternal risks, improving maternal outcomes without increased use of health services. This could have implications in other settings with poor access to quality antenatal and delivery care services.
trial registrationISRCTN82954580.
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