ReviewAmerican journal of translational research2019
Therapeutic targeting of immune checkpoints with small molecule inhibitors.
Review in American journal of translational research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Precision Oncology: Current Landscape, Emerging Trends, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.Cells · 2025Review
- One step further in targeting acute leukemia by combining antibody-based immunotherapies and small molecule inhibitors.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- A phase 1/1b, open-label, dose-escalation study of PD-1 inhibitor, cetrelimab alone and in combination with FGFR inhibitor, erdafitinib in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors.Investigational new drugs · 2024Article
- Targeting cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) in breast cancer.European journal of medical research · 2024Review
- Investigation of the potential effects of estrogen receptor modulators on immune checkpoint molecules.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Inhibitors of Immune Checkpoints: Small Molecule- and Peptide-Based Approaches.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Small molecule inhibitors as adjuvants in cancer immunotherapy: enhancing efficacy and overcoming resistance.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Spatial proteomic profiling of tumor and stromal compartments in non-small-cell lung cancer identifies signatures associated with overall survival.Clinical & translational immunology · 2024Article
- Advances in Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC).Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Review
- Inappropriate Expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 Checkpoints in Myeloma Patients Is More Pronounced at Diagnosis: Implications for Time to Progression and Response to Therapeutic Checkpoint Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Repurposing of Commercially Existing Molecular Target Therapies to Boost the Clinical Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Blockade.Cancers · 2022Review
- Camptothesome Potentiates PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Improved Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Immunochemotherapy.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- In vitro characterization of a small molecule PD-1 inhibitor that targets the PD-l/PD-L1 interaction.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Dual Effect of the Extract from the FungusJournal of inflammation research · 2022Article
- Advances in Engineered Polymer Nanoparticle Tracking Platforms towards Cancer Immunotherapy-Current Status and Future Perspectives.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Abrogation of USP7 is an alternative strategy to downregulate PD-L1 and sensitize gastric cancer cells to T cells killing.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2021Article
- Development of Indole Alkaloid-Type Dual Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Against CTLA-4 and PD-L1 Based on Diversity-Enhanced Extracts.Frontiers in chemistry · 2021Article
- Small-molecule MMP2/MMP9 inhibitor SB-3CT modulates tumor immune surveillance by regulating PD-L1.Genome medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoints are known to contribute to tumor progression by enhancing cancer's ability to evade the immune system and metastasize. Immunotherapies, including monoclonal antibodies, have been developed to target specific immunosuppressive molecules on the membranes of cancer cells and have proven revolutionary in the field of oncology. Recently, small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) have gained increased attention in cancer research with potential applications in immunotherapy. SMIs have desirable benefits over large-molecule inhibitors, such as monoclonal antibodies, including greater cell permeability, organ specificity, longer half-lives, cheaper production costs, and the possibility for oral administration. This paper will review the mechanisms by which noteworthy and novel immune checkpoints contribute to tumor progression, and how they may be targeted by SMIs and epigenetic modifiers to offer possible adjuvants to established therapeutic regimens. SMIs target immune checkpoints in several ways, such as blocking signaling between tumorigenic factors, building immune tolerance, and direct inhibition via epigenetic repression of immune inhibitory molecules. Further investigation into combination therapies utilizing SMIs and conventional cancer therapies will uncover new treatment options that may provide better patient outcomes across a range of cancers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
30899360PMC6413273W2993631402What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.