ArticleBMJ open2019
Impact of maternal smoking on early childhood health: a retrospective cohort linked dataset analysis of 697 003 children born in Scotland 1997-2009.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Financial Rewards for Smoking Cessation During Pregnancy and Birth Weight: A Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of financial voucher incentives provided with UK stop smoking services on the cessation of smoking in pregnant women (CPIT III): pragmatic, multicentre, single blinded, phase 3, randomised controlled trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022Trial
- Antenatal Maternal Smoking and Lung Function in Very Prematurely Born Children.Pediatric pulmonology · 2026Article
- Multi-source secondhand smoke exposure and dental caries in children: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Article
- Associations between multiple perinatal exposures and risk of childhood hospitalisation with infection: a registry-based study in two countries.European journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Ultimate Context of the Termination of Parental Investment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Review
- Comprehensive analysis of the Global Burden and epidemiological trends of meningitis from 1990 to 2021.Infection · 2025Article
- Prenatal Risk Factors for Brief Resolved Unexplained Events in Infants.Pediatric reports · 2025Article
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- Early-life exposure to cigarette smoke primes lung function and DNA methylation changes atAmerican journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2023Article
- Active or passive maternal smoking increases the risk of low birth weight or preterm delivery: Benefits of cessation and tobacco control policies.Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Review
- Higher blood nicotine concentrations following smokeless tobacco (pituri) and cigarette use linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes for Central Australian Aboriginal pregnancies.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Adverse events of recreational cannabis use during pregnancy reported to the French Addictovigilance Network between 2011 and 2020.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Design of a prospective follow-up study on early parenthood and smoking behaviour during pregnancy in Finnish primary healthcare.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2021Article
- Early childhood epilepsies: epidemiology, classification, aetiology, and socio-economic determinants.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2021Article
- Examining Associations Between Dietary Inflammatory Index in Pregnancy, Pro-inflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine Levels at Birth, and Offspring Asthma and/or Wheeze by Age 4 Years.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2021Article
- Determinants of Allergic Sensitization, Asthma and Lung Function: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in Italian Schoolchildren.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveSmoking during pregnancy is associated with adverse health impacts on mother and child. We used a large linked Scottish dataset to produce contemporary estimates of the impact on child health, particularly hospitalisation.
designRetrospective cohort study linking birth, death, maternity, infant health, child health surveillance and admission records. We examined the association between smoking status at maternity booking and pregnancy outcomes, hospital admission and death during the first 5 years of life. Models were adjusted for maternal age, socioeconomic status, infant feeding, country of birth, sex, parity and delivery mode. We calculated population attributable fraction (PAF) for each outcome.
settingScotland, UK.
participantsSingleton births between 1997 and 2009 (n=697 003) followed to March 2012.
results332 386 children had at least one admission by 31 March 2012. There were 56 588 born small for gestational age, 40 492 prematurely and 1074 postneonatal deaths. Within the first 5 years of life, 56 615 children had at least one admission for acute respiratory infections, 24 088 for bronchiolitis and 7549 for asthma. Maternal smoking significantly increased admission for acute respiratory infections (adjusted HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.34, PAF 6.7%) and bronchiolitis (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.38 to 1.48 under 1 year, PAF 10.1%), asthma (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.37 age 1-5 years, PAF 7.1%) and bacterial meningitis (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.71, PAF 11.8%) age 0-5 years. Neonatal mortality (adjusted OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.49, PAF 6.7%), postneonatal mortality (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.87 to 2.53, PAF 22.3%), small for gestational age (OR 2.67, 95% CI 2.62 to 2.73, PAF 27.5%) and prematurity (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.37 to 1.44, PAF 8.8%) were higher among the offspring of smokers.
conclusionSmoking during pregnancy causes significant ill health and death among children born in Scotland. These findings support continued investment to reduce smoking among women before, during and after pregnancy as 50% of women will go on to have further children.
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