ReviewHuman resources for health2019
Setting the global research agenda for community health systems: literature and consultative review.
Review in Human resources for health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Community-Based Health Information Systems in Africa: A Scoping Review of Data Generation, Utilization, and Community Empowerment.Wellcome open research · 2024Pooled it
- Performance-based incentives and community health workers' outputs, a systematic review.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2021Pooled it
- Community-embedded follow-up management intervention for geriatric primary care: a mixed-methods study of an integrated health services model.BMC health services research · 2024Trial
- A Cluster-Randomized Trial to Test Sharing Histories as a Training Method for Community Health Workers in Peru.Global health, science and practice · 2020Trial
- Assessment of community health workforce governance in federal Nepal.Health policy and planning · 2026Article
- Review
- Strengthening the role of community health assistants in delivering primary health care: the case of maternal health services in Zambia.BMC primary care · 2025Article
- Global Learning for Health Equity: A Survey of Five Global Learning Sites in the United States.Community health equity research & policy · 2025Article
- Enablers and barriers of community health programs for improved equity and universal coverage of primary health care services: A scoping review.BMC primary care · 2024Article
- Responding to fluctuations in public and community trust and health seeking behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study of national decision-makers' perspectives in Guinea and Sierra Leone.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Leveraging community health workers for COVID-19 response in Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria, Senegal, and Uganda: roles, barriers, and facilitators.BMC primary care · 2024Article
- How Can Community Data Be Leveraged to Advance Primary Health Care? A Scoping Review of Community-Based Health Information Systems.Global health, science and practice · 2024Article
- Exploring the motivations of female community health volunteers in primary healthcare provision in rural Nepal: A qualitative study.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the National Health Insurance Program of Nepal: are political promises translated into actions?Health research policy and systems · 2023Review
- Examining Roles, Support, and Experiences of Community Health Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh: A Mixed Methods Study.Global health, science and practice · 2022Article
- Understanding community health worker employment preferences in Malang district, Indonesia, using a discrete choice experiment.BMJ global health · 2022Article
- Five-year retention of volunteer community health workers in rural Uganda: a population-based retrospective cohort.Health policy and planning · 2022Article
- Moving from community-based to health centre-based management: impact on urban community health worker performance in Ethiopia.Health policy and planning · 2022Article
- Strengthening Research and Practice in Community Health Systems: A Research Agenda and Manifesto.International journal of health policy and management · 2022Article
- Confirming-and testing-bonds of trust: A mixed methods study exploring community health workers' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh, Haiti and Kenya.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGlobally, there is renewed interest in and momentum for strengthening community health systems, as also emphasized by the recent Astana Declaration. Recent reviews have identified factors critical to successful community health worker (CHW) programs but pointed to significant evidence gaps. This review aims to propose a global research agenda to strengthen CHW programs. METHODS AND
resultsWe conducted a search for extant systematic reviews on any intermediate factors affecting the effectiveness of CHW programs in February 2018. A total of 30 articles published after year 2000 were included. Data on research gaps were abstracted and summarized under headings based on predominant themes identified in the literature. Following this data gathering phase, two technical advisory groups comprised of experts in the field of community health-including policymakers, implementors, researchers, advocates and donors-were convened to discuss, validate, and prioritize the research gaps identified. Research gap areas that were identified in the literature and validated through expert consultation include selection and training of CHWs, community embeddedness, institutionalization of CHW programs (referrals, supervision, and supply chain), CHW needs including incentives and remuneration, governance and sustainability of CHW programs, performance and quality of care, and cost-effectiveness of CHW programs. Priority research questions included queries on effective policy, financing, governance, supervision and monitoring systems for CHWs and community health systems, implementation questions around the role of digital technologies, CHW preferences, and drivers of CHW motivation and retention over time.
conclusionsAs international interest and investment in CHW programs and community health systems continue to grow, it becomes critical not only to analyze the evidence that exists, but also to clearly define research questions and collect additional evidence to ensure that CHW programs are effective, efficient, equity promoting, and evidence based. Generally, the literature places a strong emphasis on the need for higher quality, more robust research.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.