ArticleAIDS care2018
Factors associated with viral suppression among HIV-positive Kenyan gay and bisexual men who have sex with men.
Article in AIDS care, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Marriage and Steady Relationships with Women in Men Who Have Sex with Men in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Mixed-Method Systematic Review and Meta-analyses.AIDS and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Men missing from the HIV care continuum in sub-Saharan Africa: a meta-analysis and meta-synthesis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Pooled it
- Prior antiretroviral therapy exposure among clients presenting for HIV treatment initiation in South Africa: an exploratory mixed-methods study using multiple indicators of exposure.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Robustness of viral load over CD4 cell count in measuring the quality of life of people with HIV at second line regimen in Amhara region.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Healthcare worker perspectives on HIV status sharing intervention components for partnered, Black sexual minority men in South Africa.HIV research & clinical practice · 2024Article
- Proximal and distal minority stressors and mental health among young gay and bisexual men and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in Kisumu, Kenya.American journal of community psychology · 2024Article
- Article
- Fast-track interventions for HIV and AIDS epidemic control among key populations: A rapid review.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2024Review
- Scoping review of HIV-related intersectional stigma among sexual and gender minorities in sub-Saharan Africa.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Correlates of viral suppression among sexual minority men and transgender women living with HIV in Mpumalanga, South Africa.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- HIV Treatment and Mental Health Outcomes Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With HIV in a Pilot Multicomponent Intervention in Guatemala City.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2023Article
- Listening to the Voices of Gay and Bisexual Men and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men in Kenya: Recommendations for Improved HIV Prevention Programming.The undergraduate journal of public health at the University of Michigan · 2023Article
- "When you talk it out … you will feel like the burden has somehow gone down, you will feel light": Social Support Received by Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men in Western Kenya.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Narratives of Change From Gay and Bisexual Men Living With HIV in an Emotional Well-Being Intervention.AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education · 2022Article
- Overview of the epidemiological conditions of HIV among key populations in Africa.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Review
- Mental Health Challenges and Needs among Sexual and Gender Minority People in Western Kenya.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Social-Environmental Resilience, PrEP Uptake, and Viral Suppression among Young Black Men Who Have Sex with Men and Young Black Transgender Women: the Neighborhoods and Networks (N2) Study in Chicago.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2020Article
- The People Living with HIV Stigma Index 2.0: generating critical evidence for change worldwide.AIDS (London, England) · 2020Article
- Modeling Viral Suppression, Viral Rebound and State-Specific Duration of HIV Patients with CD4 Count Adjustment: Parametric Multistate Frailty Model Approach.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The UNAIDS 90-90-90 target has prioritized achieving high rates of viral suppression. We identified factors associated with viral suppression among HIV-positive gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in Kisumu, Kenya. HIV-positive participants in the Anza Mapema study were offered antiretroviral therapy (ART) regardless of CD4 count. HIV viral load was assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of follow-up. Viral suppression was defined as <1,000 copies/mL. Sociodemographic, sexual behaviors, and psychosocial characteristics were assessed via audio computer-assisted self interview. We used generalized estimating equations to estimate the associations between baseline and time-dependent predictors and viral suppression at 6 and 12 months. Seventy-five HIV-positive men were enrolled in the Anza Mapema study, of which 63 had at least one viral load measured during follow-up. Among 52 men with a viral load measure at month 6, 37 (71%) were on ART and virally suppressed. Among 59 men with a viral load measure at month 12, 37 (63%) were on ART and virally suppressed. In the final multivariable model, men who reported receptive or versatile sexual position during anal intercourse with a male partner had reduced odds of viral suppression (aOR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.08-0.50). Greater levels of coping self-efficacy were associated with increased odds of viral suppression (aOR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.03-1.16). Despite extensive initiation, retention, and adherence support, the rate of viral suppression in this population did not meet the UNAIDS 90-90-90 target (81% for individuals aware of their HIV status). Pervasive stigma against male-male sex, especially men who practice receptive anal sex, may underlie our findings, which highlight the need for advocacy and stigma reduction efforts. Because coping self-efficacy was a protective factor, efforts to promote resilience in addition to healthy sexual identity development may lead to improved care outcomes among GBMSM in this area.
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