ArticlePloS one2019
Adherence to antiretroviral treatment among children and adolescents in Tanzania: Comparison between pill count and viral load outcomes in a rural context of Mwanza region.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05278559 (Can Undetectable), which is not on this map. Cited by 34 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Can Undetectable (Viral Load) = Untransmissible (Virus) Change the Life Course of Adolescents Living the HIV in Africa
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Characterizing the HIV care continuum among children and adolescents with HIV in eastern and southern Africa in the era of "Universal Test and Treat": A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Pooled it
- Burden of virologic failure, and its determinants among HIV positive children in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.African health sciences · 2024Pooled it
- First line antiretroviral treatment failure and its association with drug substitution and sex among children in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Comparing pill counts and patient self-reports versus DBS tenofovir concentrations as ART adherence measurements with virologic outcomes and HIV drug resistance in a cohort of adolescents and young adults failing ART in Harare, Zimbabwe.Journal of infection and public health · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Predicting viral load suppression by self-reported adherence, pharmacy refill counts and real time medication monitoring among people living with HIV in Tanzania.AIDS research and therapy · 2022Trial
- Understanding Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence in Children With HIV: A Review of Barriers and Strategies.AIDS research and treatment · 2026Review
- Article
- Feasibility of smartphone-enabled asynchronous video directly observed therapy to improve viral suppression outcomes among HIV unsuppressed children and adolescents in Kenya.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Factors associated with non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adolescents in Oshikoto Region, Namibia.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2025Article
- Incidence and predictors of virological failure among HIV infected children and adolescents receiving second-line antiretroviral therapy in Uganda, a retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Trends and correlates in HIV viral load monitoring and viral suppression among adolescents and young adults in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2024Article
- Patterns of engagement in care during clients' first 12 months after HIV treatment initiation in South Africa: A retrospective cohort analysis using routinely collected data.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Developing contents for a digital adherence tool: A formative mixed-methods study among children and adolescents living with HIV in Tanzania.PLOS digital health · 2023Article
- Determinants of nonsuppression of HIV viral load among children receiving antiretroviral therapy in the Simiyu region: a cross-sectional study.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Article
- Failure to Attain HIV Viral Suppression After Intensified Adherence Counselling-What Can We Learn About Its Factors?Infection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Children's Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and Associated Factors: Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesAdherence to antiretroviral treatment is a key challenge for paediatric HIV care. Among children and adolescents living with HIV, lower levels of adherence have been reported compared to adults. Individual, caregiver-, health services-related and sociocultural factors were shown to impact on these outcomes. Study objectives were to assess adherence in a paediatric population in rural Tanzania comparing two measurement methods, and to investigate the association between virologic suppression and demographic, clinical, drug- and family-related factors.
methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among children and adolescents enrolled in Bukumbi HIV Care and Treatment Clinic (Misungwi district, Mwanza region) in the north of Tanzania, where the HIV prevalence is 7.2%. Adherence was measured through viral load and pill count. Kappa statistics assessed the level of agreement between the methods; bivariate and multivariable analyses identified factors independently associated with virologic suppression.
resultsN = 72 participants (n = 49 children; n = 23 adolescents) with a median age of eight years were enrolled. 62.5% and 65.3% of the individuals presented an optimal adherence according to viral load and pill count respectively, but among 40% viral load results diverged from the pill count method. In multivariable analysis, living outside Misungwi district and having CD4 counts above 500/μl were significantly associated with optimal adherence.
conclusionChildren and adolescents living with HIV in Mwanza show high rates of suboptimal adherence. The poor agreement between pill count and viral load results raises concerns about the interpretation of these measurements in clinical practice.
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