ArticleAmerican journal of public health2019
Malicious Actors on Twitter: A Guide for Public Health Researchers.
Article in American journal of public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of brief exposure to misinformation about e-cigarette harms on twitter: a randomised controlled experiment.BMJ open · 2021Trial
- Vaccine communication: a critical review of foundations, challenges, and future directions.NPJ vaccines · 2026Review
- Tracing the Pen: Electronic Health Records Amid the Rise of Generative AI.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Review
- Social Media Metrics and Popular Legitimacy: Content Analysis of Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Public Engagement With the World Health Organization on X.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Article
- Associations between health information source and childhood vaccination.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Low COVID-19 vaccine coverage and guardian acceptance among pediatric transplant recipients.Journal of medical virology · 2023Article
- Cross-platform spread: vaccine-related content, sources, and conspiracy theories in YouTube videos shared in early Twitter COVID-19 conversations.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Mass Media Use to Learn About COVID-19 and the Non-intention to Be Vaccinated Against COVID-19 in Latin America and Caribbean Countries.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- COVID-19 Tweet Links: A Preliminary Investigation of Type and Relevance.Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology. Association for Information Science and Technology · 2022Article
- Botometer 101: social bot practicum for computational social scientists.Journal of computational social science · 2022Article
- Disrupting drive-by download networks on Twitter.Social network analysis and mining · 2022Review
- The top 100 most impactful articles on the anterior cruciate ligament: An altmetric analysis of online media.SAGE open medicine · 2022Article
- A New Tool for an Awareness Plan Concerning Critical Issues, Needs and Attitudes of Citizens on the Use of Medicines.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Mass media coverage and vaccination uptake: evidence from the demand for meningococcal vaccinations in Hungary.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2021Article
- Online Attitudes and Information-Seeking Behavior on Autism, Asperger Syndrome, and Greta Thunberg.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Article
- Article-Level Metrics.Journal of Korean medical science · 2021Review
- Systematic Delineation of Media Polarity on COVID-19 Vaccines in Africa: Computational Linguistic Modeling Study.JMIR medical informatics · 2021Article
- Identifying and Analyzing Health-Related Themes in Disinformation Shared by Conservative and Liberal Russian Trolls on Twitter.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Social bots and other malicious actors have a significant presence on Twitter. It is increasingly clear that some of their activities can have a negative impact on public health. This guide provides an overview of the types of malicious actors currently active on Twitter by highlighting the characteristic behaviors and strategies employed. It covers both automated accounts (including traditional spambots, social spambots, content polluters, and fake followers) and human users (primarily trolls). It also addresses the unique threat of state-sponsored trolls. We utilize examples from our own research on vaccination to illustrate. The diversity of malicious actors and their multifarious goals adds complexity to research efforts that use Twitter. Bots are now part of the social media landscape, and although it may not be possible to stop their influence, it is vital that public health researchers and practitioners recognize the potential harms and develop strategies to address bot- and troll-driven messages.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.