Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30896633›Full record

SynthesisMedicine2019

The relationship between smoking and stroke: A meta-analysis.

Biqi Pan, Xiao Jin, Liu Jun, Shaohong Qiu, Qiuping Zheng, Mingwo Pan

Open access · goldAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 133 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
133citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it
10.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

133 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 307 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Assessing the causal effects of environmental tobacco smoke exposure: a meta-analytic Mendelian randomization study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Impact of smoking on outcomes following endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Interventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences · 2026
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73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Biqi PanDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, GuangDong Women and Children Hospital.
Xiao JinSecond School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine.
Liu JunDepartment of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, China.
Shaohong QiuDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, GuangDong Women and Children Hospital.
Qiuping ZhengDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, GuangDong Women and Children Hospital.
Mingwo PanDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, GuangDong Women and Children Hospital.
Guangdong Province Women and Children Hospital · CNGuangzhou University of Chinese Medicine · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundStroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability for adult men and women worldwide, and a number of studies have explored the influences of smoking on stroke. However, few studies have discussed the relationship between stroke and smoking with consideration of the following factors: sex, the number of cigarettes smoked per day, stroke subtype, and the follow-up duration. Consequently, we aimed to extend previous work by using a systematic review to explore the relationship between stroke and cigarette smoking in reference to the above factors.

methodsA systematic review was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register databases and the following search criteria: ["stroke" (MeSH) and "smoking" (MeSH)]. All analyses were conducted with Stata, and funnel plots and Egger regression asymmetry tests were used to assess publication bias.

resultsThe meta-analysis included 14 studies involving 303134 subjects. According to the meta-analysis, smokers had an overall increased risk of stroke compared with nonsmokers, with a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.61 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.34-1.93, P < .001). A subgroup analysis conducted based on smoking status revealed ORs of 1.92 (95% CI: 1.49-2.48) for current smokers and 1.30 (95% CI: 0.93-1.81) for former smokers. In addition, the relationship between stroke of any type and smoking status was also statistically significant; current smokers had an increased risk of stoke compared with nonsmokers (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.04-2.07, P < .001), which was influenced by sex (men: OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.11-2.13, P = .002; women: OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.45-2.44, P < .023). From the analysis, we also observed that passive smoking increased the overall risk of stroke by 45% (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.0-2.11, P < .05). Based on the dose-response meta-analysis, the risk of stroke increased by 12% for each increment of 5 cigarettes per day.

Indexed as

Dose-Response Relationship, DrugHumansOdds RatioRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSex FactorsSmokersSmokingStrokeTobacco Smoke PollutionTobacco Smoke Pollution

Identifiers

PMID30896633
PMCPMC6708836
OpenAlexW2924939164

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.