Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30896212›Full record

ReviewPsychological assessment2019

Constructing validity: New developments in creating objective measuring instruments.

Lee Anna Clark, David Watson

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Psychological assessment, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06212713 (Development and Validation of a Health Behaviour Theory-based Questionnaire to Explore the Willingness of Older Adults and Informal Caregivers to Deprescribe), which is not on this map. Cited by 675 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
675citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06212713 unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Development and Validation of a Health Behaviour Theory-based Questionnaire to Explore the Willingness of Older Adults and Informal Caregivers to Deprescribe

TypeobservationalSponsorUniversité Catholique de LouvainRan2023 to 2024Enrolled600ConditionsPsychologicalArmsQuestionnaire administration
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

675 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  13. Data‑driven cognitive composites predict Aβ‑related decline and progression to MCI: the ADOPIC study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
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615 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Lee Anna ClarkDepartment of Psychology.
David WatsonDepartment of Psychology.

Funding

The Structure and Assessment of Symptoms of DepressionR01MH068472 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI WATSON, DAVID B. · 2003 to 2007
$1.6M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH068472
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this update of Clark and Watson (1995), we provide a synopsis of major points of our earlier article and discuss issues in scale construction that have become more salient as clinical and personality assessment has progressed over the past quarter-century. It remains true that the primary goal of scale development is to create valid measures of underlying constructs and that Loevinger's theoretical scheme provides a powerful model for scale development. We still discuss practical issues to help developers maximize their measures' construct validity, reiterating the importance of (a) clear conceptualization of target constructs, (b) an overinclusive initial item pool, (c) paying careful attention to item wording, (d) testing the item pool against closely related constructs, (e) choosing validation samples thoughtfully, and (f) emphasizing unidimensionality over internal consistency. We have added (g) consideration of the hierarchical structures of personality and psychopathology in scale development, discussion of (h) codeveloping scales in the context of these structures, (i) "orphan," and "interstitial" constructs, which do not fit neatly within these structures, (j) problems with "conglomerate" constructs, and (k) developing alternative versions of measures, including short forms, translations, informant versions, and age-based adaptations. Finally, we have expanded our discussions of (l) item-response theory and of external validity, emphasizing (m) convergent and discriminant validity, (n) incremental validity, and (o) cross-method analyses, such as questionnaires and interviews. We conclude by reaffirming that all mature sciences are built on the bedrock of sound measurement and that psychology must redouble its efforts to develop reliable and valid measures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Indexed as

Reproducibility of ResultsAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansInterviews as TopicMalePersonality AssessmentPersonality DisordersPsychometricsSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID30896212
PMCPMC6754793

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.