ArticleDrug delivery2019
Development and effects of tacrolimus-loaded nanoparticles on the inhibition of corneal allograft rejection.
Article in Drug delivery, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bio-boosting transplants: a systematic review on biopolymers in vascular composite allotransplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- A sequential defense-nourishment strategy enabled by thermosensitive core-shell microneedles for synergistic tendon repair.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Development of FK506-loaded maleimide-functionalized cationic niosomes for prolonged retention and therapeutic efficacy in dry eye disease.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Article
- Review
- Next-generation nanomaterials: advancing ocular anti-inflammatory drug therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Review
- Use of Poly Lactic-co-glycolic Acid Nano and Micro Particles in the Delivery of Drugs Modulating Different Phases of Inflammation.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Review
- Characterization and Evaluation of Rapamycin-Loaded Nano-Micelle Ophthalmic Solution.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2023Article
- Clinical Efficacy of Topical Tacrolimus on Conjunctival Hyperemia Caused by Prostaglandin Analogues.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
- Immunosuppressive effect of PLGA-FK506-NPs in treatment of acute cardiac rejection via topical subcutaneous injection.Drug delivery · 2021Article
- Topical tacrolimus nanocapsules eye drops for therapeutic effect enhancement in both anterior and posterior ocular inflammation models.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2021Article
- Investigations into the characterization, degradation, and applications of biodegradable polymers by mass spectrometry.Mass spectrometry reviewsReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tacrolimus has been widely applied to prevent organ rejection after transplantation. However, the conventional pharmaceutical formulation of tacrolimus limits its applications in ocular therapy due to its hydrophobicity and low corneal penetrability. We optimized tacrolimus-loaded methoxy poly (ethylene glycol-block-poly (d, l)-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (TAC-NPs) by simple and effective nanotechnology as a drug delivery system for corneal graft rejection to overcome these drawbacks. The prepared TAC-NPs were 82.9 ± 1.3 nm in size, and the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were 8.01 ± 0.23% and 80.10 ± 2.33%. Furthermore, New Zealand rabbits were used to analyze the single-dose pharmacokinetics of the TAC-NPs using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). In rats with allogenic penetrating keratoplasty, the administration of TAC-NPs dispersion drops improved the TAC concentrations in the aqueous humor and cornea, consistent with a significantly higher effective inhibition of IL-2, IL-17, and VEGF expression compared with conventional 0.1% tacrolimus drops. Meanwhile, we also compared two different topical administration methods (including eye drop and subconjunctival injection) of TAC-NPs to maximize the sustained release characteristic of NPs. In summary, the small-sized TAC-NPs enhanced transcorneal permeation and absorption of TAC and more effectively inhibited corneal allograft rejection, which indicated that biodegradable polymeric nanomaterials-based drug delivery system had great potential for improving the clinical therapy efficacy of hydrophobic drugs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.