SynthesisPediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)2019
Using urine nitrite sticks to test for urinary tract infection in children aged < 2 years: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence-based clinical practice guideline for management of urinary tract infection and primary vesicoureteric reflux.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Guideline
- Effect of Educational intervention based on Health Belief Model on promoting preventive behaviours of urinary tract infections in mothers with children under 6-Years of age.BMC women's health · 2022Trial
- Clinical relevance of urine cultures in low-risk febrile infants under 3 months of age with negative urine dipsticks.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Observational
- Predictive value of dipstick urinalysis for detecting pyelonephritis in children aged 0-12 months.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Aptamer-functionalized graphene quantum dots combined with artificial intelligence detect bacteria for urinary tract infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Comparison of Urine Dipstick and Urine Sediment Microscopy With Culture for Diagnosing Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study at Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Ethiopia.International journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Modern Solutions to UTIs: The Role of Nanotechnology and Herbal Treatments.Current drug targets · 2025Review
- Biomarkers for urinary tract infection: present and future perspectives.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Review
- Colorimetric sensing for translational applications: from colorants to mechanisms.Chemical Society reviews · 2024Review
- Urinary tract infection guidelines should address unique, specific questions and include analyses of primary data.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Article
- Antibiotic Stewardship and Treatment of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Children and Adolescents in the Emergency Department of a Community Hospital.Clinical pediatrics · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the diagnostic performance of the urine dipstick test for the detection of urinary tract infections in patients treated in Kenyan hospitals.Access microbiology · 2023Article
- A model for sepsis prediction after retrograde intrarenal surgery and the use of the preoperative/postoperative white blood cell ratio to predict progression from sepsis to septic shock.World journal of urology · 2022Article
- Article
- Diagnostic value of different urine tests for urinary tract infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational andrology and urology · 2022Article
- The value of procalcitonin for predicting urosepsis after mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy or flexible ureteroscopy based on different organisms.World journal of urology · 2022Article
- Exploring Inflammatory Status in Febrile Seizures Associated with Urinary Tract Infections: A Two-Step Cluster Approach.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Urine collection methods and dipstick testing in non-toilet-trained children.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2021Review
- Swiss consensus recommendations on urinary tract infections in children.European journal of pediatrics · 2021Review
- Preoperative urine nitrite versus urine culture for predicting postoperative fever following flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy: a propensity score matching analysis.World journal of urology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to determine whether nitrite sticks are as sensitive at detecting urinary tract infection (UTI) in children <2 years as they are in older children.
methodsI reanalysed data on using nitrite sticks to detect UTIs for children aged either < 2 or 2-18 years. For sensitivity, evidence of a UTI was defined as level 1 when a single uropathogen grew ≥ 10
resultsThe sensitivity was lower for children aged < 2 years (11 studies, 1321 subjects) than for older children (9 studies, 295 subjects), whether the level-1 values or all the studies were analysed (Fisher's exact test, p < 0.0001 for both). The level-1 sensitivities were 0.23 in the infants and 0.81 among older children (odds ratio = 0.07, 95% confidence interval 0.03-0.18). The specificity was very high in infants (10 studies, 1783 cases) and older children (7 studies, 5952 cases), at 0.990 and 0.996.
conclusionsNitrite sticks only have a 23% sensitivity in children aged < 2 years, so cannot reliably rule out UTIs. A positive nitrite stick test is about 99% likely to indicate a UTI in children of any age.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.