ArticleScientific reports2019
Pitx2 cholinergic interneurons are the source of C bouton synapses on brainstem motor neurons.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Conserved Cell Type Signatures Across the Brainstem and Spinal Cord in the Mouse Central Nervous System.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Synergistic mechanisms of medullary cholinergic-serotonergic pathway interactions in regulating neuronal excitability and locomotor activities.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Synaptopathy in the TDP-43ΔNLS Mouse Model of Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Article
- Article
- Inhibitory Synaptic Influences on Developmental Motor Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Single nucleus RNA-sequencing defines unexpected diversity of cholinergic neuron types in the adult mouse spinal cord.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Spinal Interneurons as Gatekeepers to Neuroplasticity after Injury or Disease.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021Review
- Article
- Article
- Exciting Complexity: The Role of Motor Circuit Elements in ALS Pathophysiology.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Review
- Motoneuronal Spinal Circuits in Degenerative Motoneuron Disease.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2020Review
- The Y172 Monoclonal Antibody Against p-c-Jun (Ser63) Is a Marker of the Postsynaptic Compartment of C-Type Cholinergic Afferent Synapses on Motoneurons.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cholinergic neuromodulation has been described throughout the brain and has been implicated in various functions including attention, food intake and response to stress. Cholinergic modulation is also thought to be important for regulating motor systems, as revealed by studies of large cholinergic synapses on spinal motor neurons, called C boutons, which seem to control motor neuron excitability in a task-dependent manner. C boutons on spinal motor neurons stem from spinal interneurons that express the transcription factor Pitx2. C boutons have also been identified on the motor neurons of specific cranial nuclei. However, the source and roles of cranial C boutons are less clear. Previous studies suggest that they originate from Pitx2+ and Pitx2- neurons, in contrast to spinal cord C boutons that originate solely from Pitx2 neurons. Here, we address this controversy using mouse genetics, and demonstrate that brainstem C boutons are Pitx2+ derived. We also identify new Pitx2 populations and map the cholinergic Pitx2 neurons of the mouse brain. Taken together, our data present important new information about the anatomical organization of cholinergic systems which impact motor systems of the brainstem. These findings will enable further analyses of the specific roles of cholinergic modulation in motor control.
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