ArticleMalaria journal2019
Evaluation of a push-pull system consisting of transfluthrin-treated eave ribbons and odour-baited traps for control of indoor- and outdoor-biting malaria vectors.
Article in Malaria journal, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy of volatile pyrethroid spatial repellents to reduce exposure to mosquito and sand fly vectors and human infection risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Parasites & vectors · 2026Pooled it
- A randomized, double-blind placebo-control study assessing the protective efficacy of an odour-based 'push-pull' malaria vector control strategy in reducing human-vector contact.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Semi-field evaluation of electrocuting eave tubes for the control of endophagic mosquitoes in south-east Tanzania.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- The behaviour of adult Anopheles gambiae, sub-Saharan Africa's principal malaria vector, and its relevance to malaria control: a review.Malaria journal · 2024Review
- Article
- Effect of IvermectinMalaria journal · 2023Article
- The effect of light and ventilation on house entry by Anopheles arabiensis sampled using light traps in Tanzania: an experimental hut study.Malaria journal · 2022Article
- Insecticide-treated eave ribbons for malaria vector control in low-income communities.Malaria journal · 2021Review
- The efficacy of insecticide-treated window screens and eaves against Anopheles mosquitoes: a scoping review.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- Assessing the anti-resistance potential of public health vaporizer formulations and insecticide mixtures with pyrethroids using transgenic Drosophila lines.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- To Kill or to Repel Mosquitoes? Exploring Two Strategies for Protecting Humans and Reducing Vector-Borne Disease Risks by Using Pyrethroids as Spatial Repellents.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Transfluthrin eave-positioned targeted insecticide (EPTI) reduces human landing rate (HLR) of pyrethroid resistant and susceptible malaria vectors in a semi-field simulated peridomestic space.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- Sodium channel activation underlies transfluthrin repellency in Aedes aegypti.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Semi-field evaluation of the exposure-free mosquito electrocuting trap and BG-Sentinel trap as an alternative to the human landing catch for measuring the efficacy of transfluthrin emanators against Aedes aegypti.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- A dual-target molecular mechanism of pyrethrum repellency against mosquitoes.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Predicting the impact of outdoor vector control interventions on malaria transmission intensity from semi-field studies.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Evaluating putative repellent 'push' and attractive 'pull' components for manipulating the odour orientation of host-seeking malaria vectors in the peri-domestic space.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Biology and bionomics of malaria vectors in India: existing information and what more needs to be known for strategizing elimination of malaria.Malaria journal · 2019Review
- Eave ribbons treated with transfluthrin can protect both users and non-users against malaria vectors.Malaria journal · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPush-pull strategies have been proposed as options to complement primary malaria prevention tools, indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs), by targeting particularly early-night biting and outdoor-biting mosquitoes. This study evaluated different configurations of a push-pull system consisting of spatial repellents [transfluthrin-treated eave ribbons (0.25 g/m
methodsTwo experimental huts were used to evaluate protective efficacy of the spatial repellents (push-only), traps (pull-only) or their combinations (push-pull), relative to controls. Adult volunteers sat outdoors (1830 h-2200 h) catching mosquitoes attempting to bite them (outdoor-biting risk), and then went indoors (2200 h-0630 h) to sleep under bed nets beside which CDC-light traps caught host-seeking mosquitoes (indoor-biting risk). Number of traps and their distance from huts were varied to optimize protection, and 500 laboratory-reared Anopheles arabiensis released nightly inside the semi-field chambers over 122 experimentation nights.
resultsPush-pull offered higher protection than traps alone against indoor-biting (83.4% vs. 35.0%) and outdoor-biting (79% vs. 31%), but its advantage over repellents alone was non-existent against indoor-biting (83.4% vs. 81%) and modest for outdoor-biting (79% vs. 63%). Using two traps (1 per hut) offered higher protection than either one trap (0.5 per hut) or four traps (2 per hut). Compared to original distance (5 m from huts), efficacy of push-pull against indoor-biting peaked when traps were 15 m away, while efficacy against outdoor-biting peaked when traps were 30 m away.
conclusionThe best configuration of push-pull comprised transfluthrin-treated eave ribbons plus two traps, each at least 15 m from huts. Efficacy of push-pull was mainly due to the spatial repellent component. Adding odour-baited traps slightly improved personal protection indoors, but excessive trap densities increased exposure near users outdoors. Given the marginal efficacy gains over spatial repellents alone and complexity of push-pull, it may be prudent to promote just spatial repellents alongside existing interventions, e.g. LLINs or non-pyrethroid IRS. However, since both transfluthrin and traps also kill mosquitoes, and because transfluthrin can inhibit blood-feeding, field studies should be done to assess potential community-level benefits that push-pull or its components may offer to users and non-users.
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