ArticlePloS one2019
A hierarchical classification of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Identifying the distinguishing features in 3D spinal deformities.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proximal junctional kyphosis in pediatric spinal deformity surgery: a systematic review and critical analysis.Spine deformity · 2022Pooled it
- Complementary value of transverse plane descriptors in the SRS-Lenke-Aubin 3D classification for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Spine deformity · 2026Article
- The SRS-Lenke-Aubin 3D classification of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Spine deformity · 2026Article
- An Innovative Stepwise C-Means Clustering Approach for Classification of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.Orthopaedic surgery · 2025Article
- 2D and 3D Classification Systems for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Clinical Implications and Technological Advances.Orthopaedic surgery · 2025Review
- Quantitative imaging of the spine in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: shifting the paradigm from diagnostic to comprehensive prognostic evaluation.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2021Review
- Discovering the association between the pre- and post-operative 3D spinal curve patterns in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Spine deformity · 2021Article
- Specific sagittal alignment patterns are already present in mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2021Article
- Sagittal curvature of the spine as a predictor of the pediatric spinal deformity development.Spine deformity · 2021Article
- A cluster analysis describing spine and torso shape in Lenke type 1 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2021Article
- Comparison of different strategies on three-dimensional correction of AIS: which plane will suffer?European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2021Article
- Three-dimensional classification of the Lenke 1 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using coronal and lateral spinal radiographs.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2020Article
- Surgical outcome differences between the 3D subtypes of right thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2019Article
- 3D Deformation Patterns of S Shaped Elastic Rods as a Pathogenesis Model for Spinal Deformity in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- 3D spinal and rib cage predictors of brace effectiveness in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the differentiating parameters of the spinal curves' 2D projections through a hierarchical classification of the 3D spinal curve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). A total number of 103 right thoracic left lumbar pre-operative AIS patients were included retrospectively and consecutively. A total number of 20 non-scoliotic adolescents were included as the control group. All patients had biplanar X-rays and 3D reconstructions of the spine. The 3D spinal curve was calculated by interpolating the center of vertebrae and was isotropically normalized. A hierarchical classification of the normalized spinal curves was developed to group the patients based on the similarity of their 3D spinal curve. The spinal curves' 2D projections and clinical spinal measurements in the three anatomical planes were then statistically compared between these groups and between the scoliotic subtypes and the non-scoliotic controls. A total of 5 patient groups of right thoracic left lumbar AIS patients were identified. The characteristics of the posterior-anterior and sagittal views of the spines were: Type 1: Normal sagittal profile and S shape axial view. T1 is leveled or tilted to the right in the posterior view. Type 2: Hypokyphotic and a V shape axial view. T1 is tilted to the left in the posterior view. Type 3: Hypokyphotic (only T5-T10) and frontal imbalance, S shape axial view. T1 is leveled or tilted to the right, and 3 frontal curves. Type 4: Flat sagittal profile (T1-L2), slight frontal imbalance with a V shape axial view, T1 tilted to the left. Type 5: flat sagittal profile and forward trunk shift with a proximal kyphosis and S shape axial view. T1 is leveled or tilted to the right. In conclusion, a hierarchical classification of the 3D scoliotic spine allowed identifying various distinguishing features of the spinal curves in patients with a right thoracic curve in an orderly fashion. The subtypes' characteristics resulting from this 3D classification can be identified from the pairs of the frontal and sagittal spinal curves i.e. X-rays in right thoracic AIS patients.
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