ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2019
A Comparison of Plasma Efavirenz and Tenofovir, Dried Blood Spot Tenofovir-Diphosphate, and Self-Reported Adherence to Predict Virologic Suppression Among South African Women.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Accuracy of measures for antiretroviral adherence in people living with HIV.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- A Urine Tenofovir Point-of-Care Assay Facilitates Positive Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Discussions Among People Living With HIV and Healthcare Providers-A Mixed-Methods Evaluation in Cape Town, South Africa.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Trial
- Emergence of Resistance in HIV-1 Integrase with Dolutegravir Treatment in a Pediatric Population from the IMPAACT P1093 Study.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2022Trial
- Acceptability, safety, and patterns of use of oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in South African adolescents: an open-label single-arm phase 2 trial.The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · 2020Trial
- Novel application of dried blood spot tenofovir diphosphate to predict viral suppression in postpartum women with HIV in Malawi.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Article
- Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevalence, Partner Notification, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Risk Perception in a Cohort of Women Completing Sexually Transmitted Infection Screening as Part of a Safer Conception Study.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2024Article
- Factors associated with antiretroviral treatment adherence among people living with HIV in Guangdong Province, China: a cross sectional analysis.BMC public health · 2024Article
- What's in Your Dataset? Measuring Engagement in HIV Care Using Routinely Administered Items with a Population Disproportionately Burdened by HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Observational
- Perspectives of people living with HIV and health workers about a point-of-care adherence assay: a qualitative study on acceptability.AIDS care · 2023Article
- Article
- Measuring patient engagement with HIV care in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Review
- Use of Tenofovir Diphosphate Levels to Predict Viremia During the Postpartum Period in Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): A Nested Case-Control Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Cumulative tenofovir diphosphate exposure in persons with HIV taking single- vs. multiple-tablet regimens.Pharmacotherapy · 2022Article
- Tenofovir Diphosphate in Dried Blood Spots in Pregnant and Postpartum Women With HIV in Kenya: A Novel Approach to Measuring Peripartum Adherence.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2022Article
- Tenofovir diphosphate levels in dried blood spots are associated with virologic failure and resistance to first-line therapy in South Africa: a case-control cohort study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Article
- Low-Level Viremia Is Associated With Cumulative Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in Persons With HIV.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Virologic efficacy of tenofovir, lamivudine and dolutegravir as second-line antiretroviral therapy in adults failing a tenofovir-based first-line regimen.AIDS (London, England) · 2021Article
- Potential challenges to sustained viral load suppression in the HIV treatment programme in South Africa: a narrative overview.AIDS research and therapy · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) in dried blood spots (DBS) is an objective long-term adherence measure, but data are limited on its ability to predict virologic suppression (VS) in people on antiretroviral (ARV) treatment. There are also no data comparing DBS TFV-DP with plasma ARV concentrations as predictors of VS.
methodsWomen who were on a first-line regimen of tenofovir, emtricitabine, and efavirenz (EFV) were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Plasma EFV and tenofovir (TFV), DBS TFV-DP assays, and 30-day self-reported adherence were evaluated as predictors of VS (<50 copies/mL) with the area under the curve of receiver operating characteristics and logistic regression.
resultsWe enrolled 137 women; mean age of 33 years; median 4 years on antiretroviral therapy; 88 (64%) had VS. In receiver operating characteristics analyses: DBS TFV-DP [0.926 (95% CI: 0.876 to 0.976)] had a higher area under the curve than plasma TFV [0.864 (0.797 to 0.932); P = 0.006], whereas plasma EFV [0.903 (0.839-0.967)] was not significantly different from DBS TFV-DP (P = 0.138) or plasma TFV (P = 0.140); all ARV assays performed better than self-report. The association of TFV-DP in DBS with VS strengthened with increasing concentrations [reference <350 fmol/punch: 350-699 fmol/punch aOR 37 (8-178); 700-1249 fmol/punch aOR 47 (13-175); ≥1250 fmol/punch aOR 175 (20-1539)]. "White coat adherence" (defined as DBS TFV-DP <350 fmol/punch with detectable plasma TFV) was only detected in 4 women.
conclusionsPlasma EFV, TFV, and DBS TFV-DP were all strong predictors of VS. EFV or TFV assays have potential for development as point-of-care assays for use as objective adherence measures in resource-limited settings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.