ArticlemAbs
Glycosylation-independent binding of monoclonal antibody toripalimab to FG loop of PD-1 for tumor immune checkpoint therapy.
Article in mAbs. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating the efficacy and safety of first-line immunotherapy for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with a focus on PD-L1 expression.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- The efficacy and safety of PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy treatment for advanced esophageal cancer: a network meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Toripalimab plus nab-paclitaxel in metastatic or recurrent triple-negative breast cancer: a randomized phase 3 trial.Nature medicine · 2024Trial
- Toripalimab Plus Chemotherapy for Patients With Treatment-Naive Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter Randomized Phase III Trial (CHOICE-01).Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2023Trial
- Combination of anti-PD-1 antibody with P-GEMOX as a potentially effective immunochemotherapy for advanced natural killer/T cell lymphoma.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2020Trial
- Humanized Anti-PD-1 Antibodies Generated Using The Conditional Kernel-Elastic Autoencoder.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- De Novo Protein Design Enables Targeting of Intractable Oncogenic Protein-Protein Interfaces.Biologics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Stable Disease Achieved with Sequential Immunochemotherapy and Anti-Angiogenic TKI in Recurrent Metastatic Hidradenocarcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Subsite-specific benefit of induction chemoimmunotherapy in HPV-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Engineering strategies and binding mechanisms of therapeutic anti-PD-1 antibodies approved by regulatory agencies globally.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- De novo protein design enables targeting of intractable oncogenic interfaces.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Safety and efficacy of toripalimab plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer: a single-arm, phase Ib trial.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- TIGIT antibody with PVR competitive ability enhances cancer immunotherapy and capable of eliciting anti-tumour immune memory.British journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Efficacy and safety of toripalimab in the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- Efficacy and safety of SABR/partial-SABR combined with axitinib and toripalimab in recurrent or metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Preliminary results from a prospective phase 2 trial.Oncology letters · 2025Article
- The combination of chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors in recurrent extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a case report.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2025Article
- Structure and function of therapeutic antibodies approved by the US FDA in 2024.Antibody therapeutics · 2025Review
- Innovative Immunotherapy and Its Transformative Impact on Gastric Adenocarcinoma: A Comprehensive Review of the Disease's Origins, Epidemiology, Classification, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Review
- Immunotherapy and its racial specificity for breast cancer treatment in Asia: a narrative review.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Review
- Are all programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitors the same?Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based blockade of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or its ligand to enable antitumor T-cell immunity has been successful in treating multiple tumors. However, the structural basis of the binding mechanisms of the mAbs and PD-1 and the effects of glycosylation of PD-1 on mAb interaction are not well understood. Here, we report the complex structure of PD-1 with toripalimab, a mAb that is approved by China National Medical Products Administration as a second-line treatment for melanoma and is under multiple Phase 1-Phase 3 clinical trials in both China and the US. Our analysis reveals that toripalimab mainly binds to the FG loop of PD-1 with an unconventionally long complementarity-determining region 3 loop of the heavy chain, which is distinct from the known binding epitopes of anti-PD-1 mAbs with structural evidences. The glycan modifications of PD-1 could be observed in three potential N-linked glycosylation sites, while no substantial influences were detected to the binding of toripalimab. These findings benefit our understanding of the binding mechanisms of toripalimab to PD-1 and shed light for future development of biologics targeting PD-1. Atomic coordinates have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under accession code 6JBT.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.