ArticleEuropean journal of epidemiology2019
Birth seasonality and risk of autism spectrum disorder.
Article in European journal of epidemiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Month of birth and mental disorders: A population-based study and validation using global meta-analysis.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2021Pooled it
- Prenatal Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children, a Case Control Study in France.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Observational
- Prenatal exposure to extreme heat and autism in children.The Science of the total environment · 2026Article
- Neurodevelopment and Risk Factors in Infants Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic in Eastern China: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
- Season of birth and schizotypy in a sample of undergraduate students.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- Independent and combined effects of fine particulate matter and greenness on autism spectrum disorder symptoms: investigating sensitive periods of exposure in the early two years of life.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Season of conception and neurodevelopmental outcomes in singleton preterm infants less than 29 weeks gestation.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- The Moderating Role of Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Schizophrenia on the Relationship between Autistic Traits and Psychosis Expression in the General Population.Schizophrenia bulletin open · 2025Article
- An epidemiological study of season of birth, mental health, and neuroimaging in the UK Biobank.PloS one · 2024Article
- Environmental Influences on Individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorders with Special Emphasis on Seasonality: An Overview.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Viruses and autism: A Bi-mutual cause and effect.World journal of virology · 2023Review
- Exposure to local, source-specific ambient air pollution during pregnancy and autism in children: a cohort study from southern Sweden.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Interaction between social behavior and paternal age in offspring of the same paternal mice.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2022Article
- Article
- The position of geochemical variables as causal co-factors of diseases of unknown aetiology.SN applied sciences · 2022Review
- Maternal Levels of Cytokines in Early Pregnancy and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Offspring.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- A more than four-fold sex-specific difference of autism spectrum disorders and the possible contribution of pesticide usage in China 1990-2030.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Causal Considerations Can Inform the Interpretation of Surprising Associations in Medical Registries.Cancer investigation · 2022Article
- Maternal Vitamin D Levels During Pregnancy and Offspring Autism Spectrum Disorder.Biological psychiatry · 2021Article
- Birth month and infant gross motor development: Results from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS).PloS one · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 8 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Season of birth has been hypothesized to be a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the evidence has been mixed and limited due to methodological challenges. We examine ASD birth trends for 5,464,628 births across 5 countries. ASD birth prevalence data were obtained from the International Collaboration for Autism Registry Epidemiology database, including children born in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, and Western Australia. Empirical mode decomposition and cosinor modeling were used to assess seasonality. We show seasonal variation in ASD births for the countries of Finland and Sweden. There was a modest increase in risk for children born in the fall and a modest decrease in risk for children born in the spring. Solar radiation levels around conception and the postnatal period were inversely correlated with seasonal trends in ASD risk. In the first multinational study of birth seasonality of ASD, there was evidence supporting the presence of seasonal trends in Finland and Sweden. The observations that risk was highest for fall births (i.e., conceived in the winter) and lowest for spring births (i.e., conceived in the summer), and sunlight levels during critical neurodevelopmental periods explained much of the seasonal trends, are consistent with the hypothesis that a seasonally fluctuating risk factor may influence risk of ASD.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.